Quantitative Doppler echocardiography

Abstract

• Doppler and 2D imaging provide objective haemodynamic data to quantify ventricular function and grade valve lesion severities.

Stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by riociguat attenuates heart failure and pathological cardiac remodelling

“…Pulse wave Doppler was used to measure the peak aortic velocity at the level of the banding. The aortic peak pressure gradient was calculated by using the peak aortic velocity according to the following formula (Harris & Kuppurao, 2016), . Only TAC mice were included that exhibited a peak velocity ≥4,000 mm·s −1 , in accordance with a pressure gradient of ≥64 mmHg.…”

“…The aortic peak pressure gradient was calculated by using the peak aortic velocity according to the following formula (Harris & Kuppurao, 2016) Figure S1).…”

“…In order to detect cardiovascular side effects of riociguat we measured the heart rate ( Figure 1C) and aortic peak pressure, which was calculated from pulse wave Doppler recorded peak aortic velocity (Harris & Kuppurao, 2016). However, invasive hemodynamic monitoring was not available to measure changes in blood pressure in the animals.…”

The assessment of mitral valve disease: a guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography

“…Since the rate of flow throughout the convergent shells and orifice is equal (volume does not alter with changing geometry, only velocity changes), the flow rate through the orifice (mL/s) can be calculated by multiplying the surface area of the hemisphere (2Πr 2 ) by the Nyquist velocity at that point (the alias velocity selected) ( 11 ). The orifice area can then be calculated by dividing the flow rate by the velocity of the flow through the valve (equation 1).…”

“…Based on the theory of conservation of mass, the continuity method of estimating flow volumes can provide estimates of both mitral valve area (MVA) and regurgitant volume ( 11 ). The theory of conservation of mass assumes that in a closed hydraulic system, the volume of flow through two regions is equal and that any change in velocity, and therefore reflected in the flow VTI, between the two sites, is determined by differences in anatomy between them.…”