Quantitative estimation of the level of exposure to gastrointestinal nematode infection in first-year calves

Ploeger, H.W.; Kloosterman, A.; Rietveld, F.W.; Berghen, P.; Hilderson, Hans; Hollanders, W.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(94)90071-x

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is not corroborated by the previous findings [32][33][34]. However, the young animals, having lower level of immunity, are more susceptible to infections than adults [35,36], which may effectively compensate for their shorter exposure.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of ruminants slaughtered in Shendi abattoir, River Nile State, Sudan

Sulieman¹,

Ibrahim²,

Eltayeb³

et al. 2017

JCLM

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The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Objective: To evaluate the situation regarding gastrointestinal helminth parasites in ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) slaughtered in the abattoir of Shendi, River Nile State, Sudan. Methods: From September 2015 to October 2016, a total of 687 fecal samples were collected and analyzed by flotation and sedimentation techniques. Results: A total of 411 ruminants examined were positive with one or more helminths, giving 59.8% overall prevalence with intensity of 548.23 eggs per gram feces. A total of 12 gastrointestinal helminth parasite genera were identified, including 2 trematodes (Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp.); 7 nematodes (Haemonchus spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichostrongylus sp., Ostertagia sp., Ascaris spp., Nematodirus spp., and Dictyocaulus sp.); and 3 cestodes (Moniezia sp., Taenia spp., and Dipylidium sp.). Prevalence of Taenia spp. infection was the highest, whereas Trichostrongylus sp. and Dictyocaulus sp. infections had the lowest prevalences. Adult ruminants had higher infection prevalence than the younger ones, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). On the other hand, male ruminants had significantly higher infection prevalence than the females (P < 0.05). Helminth prevalence was significantly higher during the rainy season than the dry season. The highest mean egg outputs were recorded for the young and the female ruminants. Likewise, the mean egg output of helminth was higher during the dry than the rainy season, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results encourage implementation of effective preventive and control measures directed against the parasites of ruminants throughout the country.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of ruminants slaughtered in Shendi abattoir, River Nile State, Sudan

Sulieman¹,

Ibrahim²,

Eltayeb³

et al. 2017

JCLM

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“…The current serological tests available for the diagnosis of C. oncophora infection are based on CWA. This reduces both the sensitivities and specificities of these tests, particularly in correlating exposure levels in animals with subclinical infections (3,13,(22)(23)(24)(25). Moreover, other conventional diagnostic tests, such as fecal egg count (18) and serum pepsinogen and gastrin level determinations (2,3), are labor intensive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode diseases are major obstacles in the production of domestic ruminants (5,18). This especially holds for Cooperia oncophora and Ostertagia ostertagi, the two most common nematodes in cattle in cool temperate regions (14), since they also have a negative economic impact at subclinical infection levels (22)(23)(24)(25). Diagnosis of GI nematode infections or diseases in cattle largely rely on clinical signs, grazing history, and fecal egg counts (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cloned excretory/secretory low-molecular-weight proteins of Cooperia oncophora in a serological assay

et al. 1997

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The potential of Cooperia oncophora excretory/secretory (ES) proteins as antigens in a serological assay which aims to establish exposure levels in cattle was assessed. ES proteins were analyzed by one-and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The N-terminal domains of two ES proteins were sequenced, and the corresponding cDNAs were cloned. Two cDNAs, designated CoES14.0 and CoES14.2, were expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins were tested in an indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which crude worm antigen (CWA) was used as a reference standard. In total, 67 reference serum samples were used: 27 negative serum samples, 29 C. oncophora-specific serum samples, 7 Dictyocaulus viviparus-specific serum samples, and 4 Ostertagia ostertagi-specific serum samples. This showed respective sensitivities and specificities of 17 and 84%, 0 and 100%, and 100 and 100% by the ELISAs with the three different types of proteins (CWA, CoES14.0, and CoES14.2, respectively). Since the CoES14.2 ELISA had the best sensitivity and specificity with reference sera, its specificity was further validated in an antigen inhibition ELISA. In this assay CoES14.2 and CWA preparations of C. oncophora, Cooperia curticei, O. ostertagi, Nematodirus helvetianus, Fasciola hepatica, D. viviparus, Haemonchus placei, and Trichostrongylus colubriformus were used as competitor antigens. This experiment showed that only the homologous antigens C. oncophora CWA and CoEs14.2 resulted in 100% inhibition. The CWA preparations of all other nematodes did not affect the ELISA, even if concentrations of 250 times the 50% inhibitory concentration of C. oncophora CWA were used. These results indicate that CoES14.2 does not share cross-reactive epitopes with heterologous CWAs. Finally, we tested the CoES14.2 ELISA with sequential serum samples from naturally infected groups of animals. The optical density values that were obtained correlated well with exposure levels based on cumulative egg excretion. Thus, the CoES14.2 ELISA seems to be a very sensitive tool for estimating exposure levels in cattle.

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“…The same applies for D. viviparus where the detection of antibodies in serum or milk using ELISAs with either crude ES antigen [ 24 – 26 ] or recombinantly expressed major sperm protein (MSP) [ 27 – 29 ] has been described. For the detection of C. oncophora , ELISA using crude antigen [ 30 ], or a recombinantly expressed 14.2 kDa ES protein [ 31 ] were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a multiplex fluorescence immunological assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against Cooperia oncophora, Dictyocaulus viviparus and Fasciola hepatica in cattle

et al. 2015

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BackgroundA major constraint for the effective control and management of helminth parasites is the lack of rapid, high-throughput, routine diagnostic tests to assess the health status of individual animals and herds and to identify the parasite species responsible for these helminthoses. The capability of a multiplex platform for the simultaneous detection of three pasture associated parasite species was evaluated and compared to existing ELISAs.MethodsThe recombinant antigens 14.2 kDa ES protein for Cooperia oncophora, major sperm protein for Dictyocaulus viviparus and Cathepsin L1 for Fasciola hepatica were recombinantly expressed either in Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris. Antigens were covalently coupled onto magnetic beads. Optimal concentrations for coupling were determined following the examination of serum samples collected from experimentally mono-infected animals, before and after their infection with the target species. Absence of cross-reactivity was further determined with sera from calves mono-infected with Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Examination of negative serum samples was characterised by low median fluorescence intensity (MFI).ResultsEstablishment of the optimal serum dilution of 1:200 was achieved for all three bead sets. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses were performed to obtain cut-off MFI values for each parasite separately. Sensitivity and specificity at the chosen cut-off values were close to, or 100 % for all bead sets. Examination of serum samples collected on different days post infection from different animals showed a high reproducibility of the assays. Serum samples were additionally examined with two already established ELISAs, an in-house ELISA using the recombinant MSP as an antigen and a DRG ELISA using Cathepsin L1 for liver fluke. The results between the assays were compared and kappa tests revealed an overall good agreement.ConclusionsA versatile bead-based assay using fluorescence detection (xMAP® technology) was developed to simultaneously detect antibodies against C. oncophora, D. viviparus and F. hepatica in cattle serum samples. This platform provides rapid, high-throughput results and is highly sensitive and specific in comparison to existing serological as well as coproscopical diagnostic techniques.

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Quantitative estimation of the level of exposure to gastrointestinal nematode infection in first-year calves

Cited by 44 publications

References 34 publications

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of ruminants slaughtered in Shendi abattoir, River Nile State, Sudan

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of ruminants slaughtered in Shendi abattoir, River Nile State, Sudan

Use of cloned excretory/secretory low-molecular-weight proteins of Cooperia oncophora in a serological assay

Development of a multiplex fluorescence immunological assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against Cooperia oncophora, Dictyocaulus viviparus and Fasciola hepatica in cattle

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