Quantitative evaluation of the fibrin clot extension on different implant surfaces: An in vitro study

Abstract

The aim of the present study was a quantitative evaluation of the in vitro fibrin clot extension on different implant surfaces. Forty-five disk-shaped commercially pure Grade 2 titanium samples with three different surface topographies (machined, DPS, and Plus) were used in the present study. For the quantitative evaluation of the fibrin clot, 30 specimens were used (10 per group); human whole blood was employed. Venous blood was drawn from three healthy adult volunteers, and 0.2 mL were immediately dropped onto the surface of each specimen. Contact time was 5 min at room temperature; then the samples were rinsed with saline solution and fixed in a buffered solution of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde. Samples were washed again with buffer and dehydrated in an ascending alcohol series. Specimens belonging to all groups were observed under SEM at a magnification of 1000x. From each sample, 50 random micrographs were collected in .tif format with an N x M 1024 x 768 grid of pixels. Quantitative analysis of fibrin clot extension showed the following results: in machined samples fibrin clot extension was 345987.2 +/- 63747.7 pixels(2) (mean +/- SD), in DPS samples fibrin clot extension was 375930.9 +/- 54726.86 pixels(2) (mean +/- SD), and in Plus samples, fibrin clot extension was 612333.6 +/- 46268.42 pixels(2) (mean +/- SD). With ANOVA it was possible to find that there were significant differences among the groups. The Tukey test revealed that the extension of the fibrin clot of Plus samples was statistically higher compared to both machined and DPS samples. The results of this in vitro study indicate that there is a correlation between implant surface morphology and fibrin clot extension. Improvement in surface microtexture complexity seems to determine the formation of a more extensive and three dimensionally complex fibrin scaffold. Further investigations are necessary to explain in more detail the mechanisms that regulate the fibrin clot formation on different implant surfaces.

Alkali treatment of microrough titanium surfaces affects macrophage/monocyte adhesion, platelet activation and architecture of blood clot formation

“…This strong relation between the activation of blood coagulation, acute infl ammation and osteogenesis suggests that thrombogenesis provides important stimuli for osseointegration of endosseous implants (Stanford, 2010). Several in vitro studies have addressed the infl uence of topographical (Park et al, 2001;Di Iorio et al, 2005) and physicochemical surface properties (Nygren et al, 1997;Hong et al, 1999;Eriksson and Nygren, 2001;Hong et al, 2005;Arvidsson et al, 2007) of Ti surfaces Alkali treatment of microrough titanium surfaces on the activation of blood coagulation, the adhesion of blood cells or the adsorption of plasma proteins. These studies indicate that native Ti is intrinsically highly thrombogenic due to strong contact activation (Hong et al, 1998;Hong et al, 1999;Arvidsson et al, 2007).…”

“…Furthermore, both topographical and physicochemical properties of the surfaces were reported to infl uence the activation of blood coagulation. Surface roughness, e.g., was reported to enhance platelet activation and blood clot retention (Park et al, 2001;Di Iorio et al, 2005;), while the physicochemical properties of Ti surfaces were shown to infl uence contact activation or the adhesion and activation of leukocytes properties (Nygren et al, 1997;Hong et al, 1999;Eriksson and Nygren, 2001;Hong et al, 2005;Arvidsson et al, 2007). However, variation of surface chemistry and topography were often coupled within these studies and experimental conditions and blood products used greatly varied between these studies, which limits their comparability.…”

“…The activation of the coagulation cascade, the complement system and platelet activation in partially heparinized (3 IU/mL) whole human blood was assessed by determining the concentration of specifi c marker proteins after contact with alkali-treated and untreated SBA Ti implant surfaces. The activation of the complement system was assessed by the increase in anaphylatoxin C5a (Gardinali et al, 1992); blood coagulation was determined by an increase in kallikreinlike activity (Griffi n and Cochrane, 1976) and the increase in thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT) (Diquélou et al, 1994). Activation of platelets was demonstrated by the release of P-selectin and immunohistological staining against CD62p (Matowicka-Karna et al, 2006).…”

The influence of direct laser metal sintering implants on the early stages of osseointegration in diabetic mini-pigs

“…In particular, studies have shown that rough surfaces can improve bone apposition and osteoconductivity more effectively than smooth surfaces, and surface roughness influences fibrin clot retention and is important for the early stages of osseointegration. 17,18 Recently, with the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, a new implant made by direct laser fabrication (DLF) broadened the field of implant manufacturing. As a new manufacturing technique, DLF has been widely used in the medical domain for biocompatible orthopedic implants, dental implants, and 3D reconstruction plates used in bony defects.…”

Estudo comparativo da interação celular entre quatro tipos de implantes dentários

“…Tal procedimento potencializa a ativação das plaquetas e retém o coágulo de fibrina mais eficientemente do que em superfícies lisas, que são eventos importantes em estágios iniciais da integração de materiais com os tecidos biológicos in vivo (Di Iorio et al, 2005).…”