Quantitative genetic analysis of Internalising and Externalising Problems in a large sample of 3–year–old twins

Valk, JC van der; Verhulst, F.C.; Stroet, T.M.; Boomsma, D.I.

doi:10.1375/136905298320566456

Cited by 27 publications

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“…The first lies in the relatively small size of our sample, yielding limited power and preventing us from addressing other relevant issues, such as sex differences: although most DZU phenotypic correlations in our study do not differ significantly from DZS correlations, the inclusion of all DZ pairs in an unique category may have influenced the parameters' estimates. Since several studies found evidence of sex differences in the genetic architecture of externalizing-but not of internalizing, problems [24,48,57], our findings are perhaps more reliable for the internalized-than for the externalized traits.…”

Section: Checks and Balances Of Three Computational Approachessupporting

confidence: 51%

Genetic and environmental influences upon the CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented scales: similarities and differences across three different computational approaches and two age ranges

Spatola

Rende

Battaglia

2010

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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To cite this version:Chiara A. M. Spatola, Richard Rende, Marco Battaglia. Genetic and environmental influences upon the CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented scales: similarities and differences across three different computational approaches and two age ranges. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2010, 19 (8), pp.647-658. <10.1007/s00787-010-0102-z>. ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONGenetic and environmental influences upon the CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented scales: similarities and differences across three different computational approaches and two age ranges Abstract Inasmuch as the newly established DSM-oriented CBCL/6-18 scales are to be increasingly employed to assess clinical/high-risk populations, it becomes important to explore their aetiology both within the normal-and the extreme range of variation in general population samples and to compare the results obtained in different age groups. We investigated by the Quantitative Maximum Likelihood, the De Fries-Fulker, and the Ordinal Maximum Likelihood methods the genetic and environmental influences upon the five DSM-oriented CBCL/6-18 scales in 796 twins aged 8-17 years belonging to the general population-based Italian Twin Registry. When children were analysed together regardless of age, most best-fitting solutions yielded genetic and non-shared environmental factors as the sole influences for DSMoriented CBCL/6-18 behaviours, both for the normal and the extreme variations. When analyses were conducted separately for two age groups, shared environmental influences emerged consistently for Affective and Anxiety Problems in children aged 8-11. Oppositional-Defiant, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity, and Conduct Problems appeared-with few exceptions-influenced only by genetic and non-shared environmental factors in both age groups, according to all three computational approaches. The De Fries-Fulker method appeared to be more sensitive in detecting shared environmental effects. Analysing the same set of data with different analytic approaches leads to better-balanced views on the aetiology of psychopathological behaviours in the developmental years.

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Section: Checks and Balances Of Three Computational Approachessupporting

confidence: 51%

Genetic and environmental influences upon the CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented scales: similarities and differences across three different computational approaches and two age ranges

Spatola

Rende

Battaglia

2010

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…This study is part of an ongoing longitudinal project in which intelligence and behavior problems in childhood are investigated (Van den Oord et al, 1996;Van der Valk et al, 1998). Therefore, we aim to further explore the stability of the genetic and environmental factor structure of cognitive abilities in a longitudinal design, and to examine the relationship between intelligence and problem behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2000

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in age (Reinert, 1970;Schaie et al., 1989;Werdelin and Stjernberg, 1995). The association between age and differentiation of abilities relates to the differentiation hypothesis (Garret, 1946) which suggests that abilities tend to cohere strongly in infancy and childhood, insofar as it is testable. When maturation proceeds, the factorial pattern of intelligence changes and intellectual abilities become more independent from each other.A useful approach to study the structure of intelligence is factor analysis. A factor model includes a set of common factors to explain the variance shared by various measurements and test-specific factors to explain any residual variance. In a second-order factor model the intercorrelation among the first-order common factors is explained by positing one or more second-order common factors. The intercorrelation among the variables is then decomposed into a part that is attributable to the first-order common factors and into a part that is attributable to the second-order common factors. The hierarchical factor model is a popular multivariate factor technique to examine the structure of INTRODUCTIONThe factor structure of genetic and environmental influences on specific cognitive abilities measured at one point of time in childhood is investigated in the present study. Six subtests of a Dutch intelligence test were administered to 5-year-old twins. The examination of cognitive abilities is particularly interesting during childhood when rapid accumulation of learning and experience takes place. In school, children are exposed to many novel environmental effects which act specifically on the development of their intellectual abilities. The accumulating effects of these environmental influences may result in a different pattern of cognitive abilities in groups of individuals varying Received 13 Jan. 1999-Final 3 Sept. 1999 The genetic and environmental factor structures of intellectual abilities in 5-year-old Dutch twins were examined. Six subtests of the RAKIT, a Dutch intelligence test, were administered to 209 twin pairs. The subtests were categorized as either verbal or nonverbal. The genetic covariance structure displayed a two-common factor structure including specific factors to account for subtest residual variance. The correlation between the genetic Verbal and genetic Nonverbal factors did not differ significantly from zero. The shared environmental influence displayed a single-common factor structure. Unique environmental influences did not contribute to the covariance between subtests and were specific in origin. Estimates of heritability of the subtests ranged from 15% to 56%. Shared environmental influences were significantly present, but were modest in magnitude. The phenotypic data was best described by an oblique two-factor model. This model was not mirrored in the factor structures found for either the genetic or environmental covariances.

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“…A number of quantitative genetic studies have examined problem behavior in children with the CBCL, with the main focus on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (Bartels et al, 2004a;Bartels et al, 2004b;Bartels et al, 2007;Edelbrock et al, 1995;Gjone & Stevenson, 1997;Hudziak et al, 2000;Leve et al, 1998;Schmitz & Mrazek, 2001;Silberg et al, 1994;Van den Oord et al, 1995;Van der Valk et al, 1998;Zahn-Waxler et al, 1996) and a number of these studies have modeled the agreement and disagreements among parental reports. For example, in a study by Rowe and Kandel (1997), parents rated the internalizing and externalizing behavior of their two oldest children (between 9 and 17 years old).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Influences on Thought Problems in 7-Year-Olds: A Twin-Study of Genetic, Environmental and Rater Effects

Abdellaoui¹,

Bartels

Hudziak³

et al. 2008

Twin Res Hum Genet

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T he Thought-Problem scale (TP) of the CBCL assesses symptoms such as hallucinations and strange thoughts/behaviors and has been associated with other behavioral disorders. This study uses parental reports to examine the etiology of variation in TP, about which relatively little is known, in 7-year-old twins. Parental ratings on TP were collected in 8,962 7-year-old twin pairs. Because the distribution of TP scores was highly skewed scores were categorized into 3 classes. The data were analyzed under a threshold liability model with genetic structural equation modeling. Ratings from both parents were simultaneously analyzed to determine the rater agreement phenotype (or common phenotype [TPc]) and the rater specific phenotype [TPs] that represents rater disagreement caused by rater bias, measurement error and/or a unique view of the parents on the child's behavior. Scores on the TP-scale varied as a function of rater (fathers rated fewer problems), sex (boys scored higher) and zygosity (DZ twins scored higher). The TPc explained 67% of the total variance in the parental ratings. Variation in TPc was influenced mainly by the children's genotype (76%). Variance in TPs also showed a contribution of genetic factors (maternal reports: 61%, paternal reports: 65%), indicating that TPs does not only represent rater bias. Shared environmental influences were only found in the TPs. No sex differences in genetic architecture were observed. These results indicate an important contribution of genetic factors to thought problems in children as young as 7 years.

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Quantitative genetic analysis of Internalising and Externalising Problems in a large sample of 3–year–old twins

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Genetic and environmental influences upon the CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented scales: similarities and differences across three different computational approaches and two age ranges

Genetic and environmental influences upon the CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented scales: similarities and differences across three different computational approaches and two age ranges

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Genetic Influences on Thought Problems in 7-Year-Olds: A Twin-Study of Genetic, Environmental and Rater Effects

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