Quantitative heel ultrasound variables in powerlifters and controls

Abstract

Objective-To compare by cross sectional study the quantitative heel ultrasound (QUS) variables broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and velocity of sound (VOS) in male powerlifters and controls. Methods-Twenty four powerlifters and 21 sedentary male controls were recruited to the study. All the powerlifters were members of the British Drug Free Powerlifting Association and actively competing at the time of the study. A questionnaire was completed by all those entered into the study. This included a history of smoking and an estimation of daily intake of alcohol and calcium. For the powerlifters, the number of years spent training and time spent training each week was also recorded. The QUS variables of all powerlifters and controls were measured using a Cubaclinical II (McCue) ultrasound scanner. Results-The powerlifters had been training for a mean (SEM) of 10.6 (1.6) years and they trained for 6.5 (0.4) hours a week. The powerlifters were non-significantly older and had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) than the controls. Calcium intake and consumption of alcohol and tobacco were similar in the two groups. The mean BUA in the powerlifters was a significant 9.5% (95% confidence interval 0.7 to 18.3%) higher than the controls (105 v 96 dB/MHZ) and 15.6% (95% confidence interval 6.8 to 24.4%) higher after adjustment using analysis of covariance for age, BMI, and alcohol and tobacco consumption (108 v 93 dB/MHZ). The mean VOS was similar in the two groups, but after adjustment it was significantly higher in the powerlifters (1671 v 1651 m/s, p<0.01). Conclusions-The study shows the ability of heel ultrasound to discriminate between QUS variables in powerlifters and controls. The results indicate that the QUS variables BUA and VOS are significantly higher for powerlifters than for controls. (Br J Sports Med 2001;35:274-275)

Study of Physical Fitness, Bone Quality, and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Professional Female Beach Handball Players: Cross-Sectional Study

“…Additionally, a study using DXA and QUS measurements by Lehtonen-Veromaa et al [51] showed that both femoral neck BMD and heel QUS parameters increased in the following order: control, runners, and gymnasts. In many of the studies performed, in which they have compared an athlete population and a control group, such as the case of female runners [28] or powerlifters [52], it has been observed that athletes who perform a specific sport modality in which there are both impact movements and strength exercises, the values of SOS, BUA, and Stiffness were higher than the control group. Moreover, if the values obtained in the present study of SOS, BUA, and Stiffness are compared for both the junior and senior players, the values of all three parameters are higher than those of female runners [51,53], both long and short distance [28], gymnasts [51], and powerlifters [52].…”

Perfil morfológico de atletas de powerlifting

“…Contudo, os estudos de Garcia-Manso et al [5], Markovic et al [19] e Cleather et al [20] não foram incluídos no cálculo demonstrado acima por conter número de amostra elevado em comparação aos demais estudos analisados. Os principais instrumentos e metodologias utilizadas nos protocolos de avaliação dos atletas foram: DEXA21; Fotogrametria Digital vs Protocolo da Sociedade internacional para Avanços da Cineantropometria (iSAK)22 que incluem os valores de massa corporal, estatura, adiposidade e muscularidade através de medidas indiretas; Ultras-som [23]; Análise Alométrica (AA) [24] vs. Modelo Regressão (MR); Modelo Alométrico (MA) e Modelo de Segunda Ordem Polinominal (2OP) [25].…”

“…Constataram que a massa corporal era similar, com uma similaridade geométrica. Dessa forma, Jawed et al [23] identificou diferenças significativas de perfil morfofuncional em análise comparativa de sedentários e atletas de powerlifting Para estudo de Keogh et al [29], os atletas de powerlifting apresentam média de estatura de 1,75 ± 0,05 cm, com alto índice de muscularidade por cm de estatura com diferença de estaturas entre as categorias de peso moderada de 11,7 cm e a média de peso entre as categorias mais leves e mais pesadas foi identificada 34,2 kg. As diferenças na massa corporal relacionadas às medidas antropométricas dos atletas de powerlifting das categorias mais pesadas tenderam a ser significativamente maiores em valores absolutos de massa magra e adiposidade do que dos levantadores mais leves.…”

“…Além de mudanças morfofuncionais em relação à performance, os atletas de powerlifting, em alguns estudos, mostraram mudança em densidade do índice de massa óssea, que pode estar relacionada com o tipo de treinamento da modalidade. Portanto a modalidade powerlifting apresentou em alguns estudos de Jawed et al [23], Ryan et al [39], Rhodes et al [40] uma correlação entre a densidade de índice de massa óssea do atleta de powerlifting que podem estar relacionadas com as adaptações fisiológicas ao treinamento.…”

“…Jawed et al [23] utilizaram a ultrassonografia de calcanhar, a variabilidade de banda e a velocidade para comparar atletas de powerlifting e sedentários. Concluíram que os atletas de powerlifting apresentaram uma diferença significativa no índice de densidade mineral óssea, que pode estar atribuída aos fatores adaptativos do tipo de treinamento relacionados diretamente com a alta intensidade do treinamento.…”