Quantitative ultrasound variables of the heel in Finnish men aged 18–20 yr: predictors, relationship to bone mineral content, and changes during military service

Abstract

Exercise is the most important determinant of ultrasonographic variables in men, aged 18-20 years. Physical loading during military training increases SOS.

Relationship between calcaneal quantitative ultrasound and hip dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in young healthy men

“…Both QUS measures showed the best correlation with THBMD and the worst with WTBMD and PFBMD, findings in keeping with those of others [57,58,60]. Whilst consistent across studies, such findings run contrary to expectation given that these areas consist mainly of cancellous bone (similar to the calcaneus).…”

Effect of the “Building Osteo Neatly Exercise” program on quantitative ultrasound parameters and plantar pressure distribution for college-aged females

“…A study on resistance training of the upper body performed three times a week for 4 months by males aged 18–25 years reported that SOS increased by 2% in the humerus10 ) . In a study of walking and running undertaken by 246 males aged 18–20 years, SOS increased by 1.3%; the study also reported a significant correlation between SOS and BMD28 ) . A study of 67 soccer players aged in their 20s who undertook high-strength soccer training, including high-impact training, over 5 years showed that SOS was higher for the soccer players that for people who did not exercise regularly29 ) .…”

“…The incidence of bone fractures in young people has increased by 2.5 times compared with 10 years ago7 ) . To increase peak bone mass and prevent weakening bones at a young age, young people can undertake jump exercises, resistance training, and aerobic exercises10, 27,28,29,30,31 ) . However, a potential risk of this training is of bone fractures during the exercise programs due to high strength and applying a load to a limited part.…”

Exercise in the Prevention of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures

“…Basic military training has served as an opportune model to observe the effect of brief, high intensity, multi-mode, physical training interventions. After 14 weeks of basic training, male army recruits have been observed to improve calcaneal strength 179 , and increase leg bone mass by around 12%; those with the lowest initial values gaining the greatest amount 106,180 . Recruits who temporarily stopped training due to stress fracture also gained bone mass, but to a lesser degree (5%).…”