Quantitative Imaging Analysis of the Spatial Relationship between Antiretrovirals, Reverse Transcriptase Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA, and Fibrosis in the Spleens of Nonhuman Primates

Abstract

Although current antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased life expectancy, a cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains elusive due to the persistence of the virus in tissue reservoirs. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the relationship between antiretrovirals (ARVs) and viral expression in the spleen.

Stochastic Modelling of HIV-1 Replication in a CD4 T Cell with an IFN Response

“…Thus, one can hypothesise that the inability of the IFN-I response to block early viral spreading in human infections is due to insufficient amounts of extracellular IFN-I compared to the number of available target cells. This corroborates a previously computationally predicted phenomenon of a diffusion-mediated compartmentalisation of IFN-I in lymph nodes [ 47 ] recently confirmed for antiretrovirals by quantitative imaging analysis [ 48 ].…”

Application of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for morphine imaging in brain tissue

“…Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) offers an approach for label-free spatial mapping of multiple analytes simultaneously at high spatial resolution, providing the potential to investigate drugs and their metabolites while also characterizing endogenous metabolomic/lipidomic response from the same tissue sample. We have previously demonstrated infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) as an MSI technique with high sensitivity for a range of ARVs in tissues, including brain tissue [ 8 – 12 ]. IR-MALDESI is well-suited to small molecule analysis because the sample ablation with infrared radiation can be performed using a simple layer of exogenous ice rather than high concentrations of an organic matrix.…”