Quantitative morphology of bedrock fault surfaces and identification of paleo-earthquakes

Abstract

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Field estimate of paleoseismic slip on a normal fault using the Schmidt hammer and terrestrial LiDAR: Methods and application to the Hebgen fault (Montana, USA)

“…Relative exposure age dating techniques were developed on the premise that these weathering-related changes can be quantified and used to compare the ages of rocks and landforms, and are usually supported empirically via calibration on surfaces of known age (Colman and Dethier, 1986, and references cited therein). Bull, 1996), correlate deformed river terraces (Stahl et al, 2016), and identify displacement patterns on bedrock normal fault scarps (Stewart, 1996;Tucker et al, 2011;He et al, 2016). They have also been used in the field of paleoseismology to date coseismic rock avalanche deposits (e.g.…”

“…Wells and Coppersmith, 1994). For example, Terrestrial LiDAR scanning (TLS) has been used to investigate the microtopographic expression of these slip patches (Giaccio et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2013;Wiatr et al, 2015;He et al, 2016). For example, Terrestrial LiDAR scanning (TLS) has been used to investigate the microtopographic expression of these slip patches (Giaccio et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2013;Wiatr et al, 2015;He et al, 2016).…”

“…Sagy et al, 2007, Candela et al, 2009 and to investigate the weathering of bedrock fault scarps (Giaccio et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2013;Wiatr et al, 2015;He et al, 2016). Sagy et al, 2007, Candela et al, 2009 and to investigate the weathering of bedrock fault scarps (Giaccio et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2013;Wiatr et al, 2015;He et al, 2016).…”

“…Sagy et al, 2007, Candela et al, 2009 and to investigate the weathering of bedrock fault scarps (Giaccio et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2013;Wiatr et al, 2015;He et al, 2016). For instance, He et al (2016) used the best-fit value of this exponent over the surface of a bedrock fault scarp to identify slip patches on limestone fault scarps. Fractal parameter-based methods exploit the fact that on natural surfaces, the magnitude of relief is related to the interval over which it is measured by a power law (e.g.…”

Schmidt hammer and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) used to detect single‐event displacements on the Pleasant Valley fault (Nevada, USA)

“…Relative-age dating techniques, based primarily on rock weathering, have been used alongside 36 Cl exposure-age dating of fault scarps to corroborate results and guide sampling for cosmogenic nuclide dating (Stewart, 1996;Zreda and Noller, 1998;Giaccio et al, 2003;Tucker et al, 2011;Wei et al, 2013;Wiatr et al, 2015;He et al, 2016;Tye and Stahl, 2018). These techniques work on the premise that slip patches previously exposed in earthquakes have been subjected to a longer duration of subaerial weathering than more recently exposed patches.…”