In the epicenter of the Lushan M S 7.0 earthquake there are several imbricate active reverse faults lying from northwest to southeast, namely the Gengda-Longdong, Yanjing-Wulong, Shuangshi-Dachuan and Dayi faults. Emergency field investigations have indicated that no apparent earthquake surface rupture zones were located along these active faults or their adjacent areas. Only brittle compressive ruptures in the cement-covered pavements can be seen in Shuangshi, Taiping, Longxing and Longmen Townships, and these ruptures show that a local crustal shortening occurred in the region during the earthquake. Combining spatial distribution of the relocated aftershocks and focal mechanism solutions, it is inferred that the Lushan earthquake is classified as a typical blind reverse-fault earthquake, and it is advised that the relevant departments should pay great attention to other historically un-ruptured segments along the Longmenshan thrust belt and throughout its adjacent areas.Lushan earthquake, earthquake surface rupture zone, blind reverse-fault earthquake, Longmenshan thrust belt, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Citation:Xu X W, Wen X Z, Han Z J, et al. Lushan M S 7.0 earthquake: A blind reserve-fault event.

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Objective: To compare the efficacy of autologous serum (AS) eye drops and artificial tears (AT) in dry eye disease (DED). Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Wanfang Database) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Efficacy was evaluated in terms of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer I test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and fluorescein and rose bengal staining of ocular surface. The estimated effects of AS or AT were expressed as a proportion with the 95% confidence interval and plotted on a forest plot. Results: Seven RCTs with 267 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. For most of the studies, subjects' age was around 50 years old, and the mostly treatment duration was within 8 weeks. The followup results showed that the OSDI after AS treatment was lower than that after the AT treatment: the mean difference (MD) was-10.75 (95% CI,-18.12;-3.39) points. There was no difference on the Schirmer I test after treatment between the two groups: the MD was 1.68 (95% CI,-0.65; 4.00) mm. The TBUT of the AS group was longer than that of the AT group, with an MD of 4.53 (95% CI, 2.02; 7.05) s. There was no statistically significant difference on fluorescein staining score of the ocular surface between the AS group and the AT group, the MD was-2.53 (95% CI,-6.08; 1.03) points. The rose bengal staining score of the AS group was slightly lower than that of the AT group after treatment: the MD was-0.78 (95% CI,-1.34;-0.22) points. Conclusion: AS could be an effective treatment for DED, improving OSDI, TBUT, and rose bengal staining score. Further RCTs with large samples and longterm follow-up are still needed to determine the exact role of AS in the management of DED.