Quantitative Phosphoproteomic and Physiological Analyses Provide Insights into the Formation of the Variegated Leaf in Catalpa fargesii

Abstract

Variegated plants are valuable materials for investigating leaf color regulated mechanisms. To unveil the role of posttranslational modification in the variegated phenotype, we conducted global quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis on different leaf color sectors of Maiyuanjinqiu and the corresponding of Catalpa fargesii using Ti4+-IMAC phosphopeptide enrichment. A total of 3778 phosphorylated sites assigned to 1646 phosphoproteins were identified, and 3221 in 1434 proteins were quantified. Differential phosphoproteins (above 1.5 or below 1/1.5) in various leaf color sectors were selected for functional enrichment analyses. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment revealed that processes of photosynthesis, regulation of the generation of precursor metabolites, response to stress, homeostasis, amino acid metabolism, transport–related processes, and most of the energy metabolisms might contribute to leaf color. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on differential phosphoproteins (DPs) in different organelles. The result showed that most enriched pathways were located in the chloroplasts and cytosol. The phosphorylation levels of glycometabolism enzymes might greatly affect leaf variegation. Measurements of fluorescence parameters and enzyme activities confirmed that protein phosphorylation could affect plant physiology by regulating enzyme activity. These results provide new clues for further study the formation mechanisms of naturally variegated phenotype.

The phosphoproteomic responses of duck (Cairna moschata) to classical/novel duck reovirus infections in the spleen tissue

“…Protein phosphorylation is a universal PTM; however, the abundance of phosphorylation largely varies among different species. In C. moschata, the abundance of phosphorylated protein (2,853 phosphorylated proteins) was higher than most of the published species, such as Sus domesticus (966 phosphorylated proteins), Bombyx mori (2,112 phosphorylated proteins), Kandelia candel (1,516 phosphorylated proteins), Nicotiana tabacum (1,311 phosphorylated proteins), Lotus japonicus (1,154 phosphorylated proteins), Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (2,019 phosphorylated proteins), Catalpa fargesii (1,646 phosphorylated proteins), Abelmoschus esculentus (2,550 phosphorylated proteins), and Physcomitrella patens (1,873 phosphorylated proteins) 35,43,45,[50][51][52][53] . High-throughput method gives us an opportunity to screen potential phosphorylated proteins and reveal the involvement of protein phosphorylation in the responses to the C/NDRV infections.…”

Genome-wide identification of DnaJ gene family in Catalpa bungei and functional analysis of CbuDnaJ49 in leaf color formation

“…Fresh plant leaves were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then kept at -80°C for experiments. The different leaf color sectors were collected from Maiyuanjinqiu and C. bungei according to the method of Wang et al (2019), respectively. Maiyuanjinqiu has leaf variegated character, the yellow edge was labeled as Y1, the green sectors were named Y2.…”

“…Catalpa bungei is a native tree species which is famous for its precious timber and garden ornamental value, widely distributed in China. Maiyuanjinqiu (Identification code: 20150150) is a new variation of leaf color found in the growing seedlings of C. bungei by our group, which showed variegated leaves with great value in garden appreciation (Wang et al, 2019). Herein, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization analysis of CbuDnaJs.…”

Light Intensity Affects the Coloration and Structure of Chimeric Leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus

“…Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, accounting for 98% of cyanidin derivatives in red marginal part, was the most important anthocyanin for the red phenotype. The genetic characteristics and physiological properties of other variegated leaf chimeric plants have been systematically studied [30][31][32][33]. However, few studies have addressed how chimeric plants respond to varying light intensity, and the mechanism under it is still unknown.…”