Quantitative susceptibility mapping reveals brain iron deficiency in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a whole-brain analysis

Chen, Yingqian; Su, Shu; Dai, Yan; Zou, Mengsha; Lin, Liping; Qian, Long; Zhou, Qin; Zhang, Hongyu; Liu, Meina; Zhao, Jing; Yang, Zhiyun

doi:10.1007/s00330-021-08516-2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Similar findings have been reported in different brain regions, including the thalamus, using non-invasive MRI methods [143]. Another whole-brain analysis using QSM revealed iron deficiency in several brain regions in children with ADHD, such as bilateral striatums, anterior cingulum, olfactory gyrus, and right lingual gyri [140]. These studies suggest that iron deficiency may play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD.…”

Section: Brain Iron and Adhdsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Limited research has been conducted on the impact of brain iron overload on ADHD. Nevertheless, several studies have established a correlation between iron deficiency (ID), particularly serum iron deficiency, and ADHD [19,140,141]. To establish a potential correlation between iron deficiency in specific brain regions and ADHD symptoms, larger, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were also conducted, offering a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms.…”

Section: Brain Iron and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain Iron Homeostasis and Mental Disorders

Wu,

Ren,

Meng

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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Iron plays an essential role in various physiological processes. A disruption in iron homeostasis can lead to severe consequences, including impaired neurodevelopment, neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and cancer. Interestingly, the link between mental health disorders and iron homeostasis has not received significant attention. Therefore, our understanding of iron metabolism in the context of psychological diseases is incomplete. In this review, we aim to discuss the pathologies and potential mechanisms that relate to iron homeostasis in associated mental disorders. We propose the hypothesis that maintaining brain iron homeostasis can support neuronal physiological functions by impacting key enzymatic activities during neurotransmission, redox balance, and myelination. In conclusion, our review highlights the importance of investigating the relationship between trace element nutrition and the pathological process of mental disorders, focusing on iron. This nutritional perspective can offer valuable insights for the clinical treatment of mental disorders.

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Section: Brain Iron and Adhdsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Brain Iron and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Iron Homeostasis and Mental Disorders

Wu,

Ren,

Meng

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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“…16 However, few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the association of anemia with developing brain outcomes and, of these, most have focused on child anemia in the postnatal period. [17][18][19] Furthermore, to our knowledge, no studies have differentiated between the associations of anemia in pregnancy vs anemia in childhood. In neonates, one study in India reported an association between antenatal anemia and smaller hippocampal volumes, 20 and a recent US study identified an association between maternal iron intake and cortical microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroimaging may provide insights into the association of anemia with early brain maturation and the neurobiology underpinning developmental outcomes . However, few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the association of anemia with developing brain outcomes and, of these, most have focused on child anemia in the postnatal period . Furthermore, to our knowledge, no studies have differentiated between the associations of anemia in pregnancy vs anemia in childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Maternal and Child Anemia With Brain Structure in Early Life in South Africa

et al. 2022

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ImportanceAnemia affects millions of pregnant women and their children worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although anemia in pregnancy is a well-described risk factor for cognitive development, the association with child brain structure is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo explore the association of anemia during pregnancy and postnatal child anemia with brain structure in early life.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis neuroimaging nested cohort study was embedded within the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a population-based birth cohort in South Africa. Pregnant individuals were enrolled into the DCHS between 2012 and 2015 from 2 clinics in a periurban setting. Mother-child pairs were assessed prospectively; follow-up is ongoing. A subgroup of children had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age 2 to 3 years from 2015 to 2018. This study focused on the 147 pairs with structural neuroimaging and available hemoglobin data. Data analyses were conducted in 2021 and 2022.ExposuresMothers had hemoglobin measurements during pregnancy, and a subgroup of children had hemoglobin measurements during early life. Anemia was classified as hemoglobin levels less than 11 g/dL based on World Health Organization guidelines; children younger than 6 months were classified using local guidelines.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChild brain volumes of global, subcortical, and corpus callosum structures were quantified using T1-weighted MRI. Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between maternal and child anemia with child brain volumes, accounting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 147 children (mean [SD] age at MRI, 34 [2] months; 83 [56.5%] male) with high-resolution MRI scans, prevalence of maternal anemia in pregnancy was 31.3% (46 of 147; median [IQR] gestation of measurement: 13 [9-20] weeks). Maternal anemia during pregnancy was significantly associated with smaller volumes of the child caudate bilaterally (adjusted percentage difference, −5.30% [95% CI, −7.01 to −3.59]), putamen (left hemisphere: −4.33% [95% CI, −5.74 to −2.92]), and corpus callosum (−7.75% [95% CI, −11.24 to −4.26]). Furthermore, antenatal maternal hemoglobin levels were also associated with brain volumes in the caudate (left hemisphere: standardized β = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.28]; right hemisphere: β = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.27]), putamen left hemisphere (β = 0.21 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.35]), and corpus callosum (β = 0.24 [95% CI, 0.09 to 0.39]). Prevalence of child anemia was 52.5% (42 of 80; median [IQR] age of measurement: 8.0 [2.7 to 14.8] months). Child anemia was not associated with brain volumes, nor did it mediate the association of maternal anemia during pregnancy with brain volumes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, anemia in pregnancy was associated with altered child brain structural development. Given the high prevalence of antenatal maternal anemia worldwide, these findings suggest that optimizing interventions during pregnancy may improve child brain outcomes.

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Quantitative susceptibility mapping shows lower brain iron content in children with childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

Chen

Zhang

2023

Jpn J Radiol

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Quantitative susceptibility mapping reveals brain iron deficiency in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a whole-brain analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Brain Iron Homeostasis and Mental Disorders

Brain Iron Homeostasis and Mental Disorders

Association of Maternal and Child Anemia With Brain Structure in Early Life in South Africa

Quantitative susceptibility mapping shows lower brain iron content in children with childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

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