“…Staff members also bring their own unpredictability: when staff members are on sick leave, take a day off, or change their availabilities during the horizon, their whole tour is impacted even though the patients who were scheduled need to receive the planned visits anyway (Xie and Wang, 2017). Six papers, (Bennett and Erera, 2011), (Demirbilek et al, 2018), (Demirbilek et al, 2019), , (Nasir and Dang, 2019), (Nguyen and Montemanni, 2016), take into consideration the admission of new patients, or the possibility of hiring new staff members, therefore adding another decision to the initial scheduling and routing problem.…”