Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance of rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> against the parasitic ciliate <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i>

Jaafar, Rzgar M.; Ødegård, Jørgen; Mathiessen, Heidi; Karami, Asma M.; Marana, Moonika Haahr; Jørgensen, Louise von Gersdorff; Zuo, Shaozhi; Nielsen, Torben; Kania, Per W.; Buchmann, Kurt

doi:10.1111/jfd.13264

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…We found that the major QTL associated with resistance toward V. anguillarum were clustered on rainbow trout chromosome 21 (Omy 21). It differs from QTL associated with F. psychrophilum resistance on chromosome 19 (Omy19) ( Wiens et al, 2013 ) and toward the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis on chromosome 16 and 17 (Omy 16 and 17) ( Jaafar et al, 2020 ) confirming that resistance mechanisms in a specific fish species toward different pathogens differ considerably ( Fraslin et al, 2020 ). In the present work, the favorable homozygote (considering the top SNP) had an overall mortality of 37%, while the opposite homozygote had a mortality of 87%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This mid-density genotyping array has proven to be of great value for investigating the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and host-pathogen interactions. The applicability of the 57 K SNP array (Affymetrix Axiom ® ) was confirmed for detection of QTL associated with rainbow trout resistance against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) ( Vallejo et al, 2019 ), columnaris disease ( Silva et al, 2019 ), BCWD ( Vallejo et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2018 ), enteric red mouth disease (ERM) ( Zuo et al, 2020 ) and white spot disease (WSD) ( Jaafar et al, 2020 ). Correspondingly, an array developed for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) was applied to detect QTL associated with resistance in this host species against salmonid alphavirus (SAV) ( Hillestad et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Major QTL for Resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout

et al. 2020

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Genetic selection of disease resistant fish is a major strategy to improve health, welfare and sustainability in aquaculture. Mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fish genome may be a fruitful tool to define relevant quantitative trait loci (QTL) and we here show its use for characterization of Vibrio anguillarum resistant rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fingerlings were exposed to the pathogen V. anguillarum serotype O1 in a solution of 1.5 × 107 cfu/ml and observed for 14 days. Disease signs appeared 3 days post exposure (dpe) whereafter mortality progressed exponentially until 6 dpe reaching a total mortality of 55% within 11 days. DNA was sampled from all fish – including survivors – and analyzed on a 57 k Affymetrix SNP platform whereby it was shown that disease resistance was associated with a major QTL on chromosome 21 (Omy 21). Gene expression analyses showed that diseased fish activated genes associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. The possible genes associated with resistance are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Major QTL for Resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout

et al. 2020

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“…The gene expression analysis was performed as pre viously described by Jaafar et al (2020). The gills and fins were homogenized using the Tissue-lyser II (cat.…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For reference genes, ARP, β-actin and elongation factor α (ELF-1α) were applied. Sequence details for primer and probes were used according to Jaafar et al (2020). By using the software NormFinder (Andersen et al 2004), evaluating the applicability of reference genes and combinations of these, an average of the 3 genes were found to be the most suitable as reference.…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory reactions in rainbow trout fins and gills exposed to biocides

et al. 2021

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Several biocides are widely used in rainbow trout aquaculture against various ectoparasites and ectobionts, but the inflammation induced in treated fish is less well described. Dose-response studies were conducted to elucidate the effects on rainbow trout (gills and fins) induced by a series of biocides including formalin, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peracetic acid (PAA) and the surfactant SPH6, which was isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas H6. The compounds have documented antiparasitic effects, but the specific effects on fish needs further documentation. This study was performed over 24 h, and inflammatory reactions were evaluated in gills and fins. A dose-dependent effect was noted for expression of immune genes encoding for IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10, IL-8, lysozyme, serum amyloid A (SAA), hepcidin, precerebellin and complement factor C3. PAA induced the strongest upregulation of cytokine and acute phase reactant genes followed by H2O2 and formalin. SPH6 showed a lower effect, and in several cases the compound induced downregulation of several genes. Gills showed a stronger response compared to fins. The mucous cell density in fins showed a range of changes which varied by compound. PAA, and to a lesser degree H2O2 and formalin, initially induced mucous cell hyperplasia, whereas SPH6 immediately decreased the number of cells containing mucus.

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“…QTL for resistance in rainbow trout against Myxobolus cerebralis was studied by Hedrick et al (2003) and later by Baerwald et al (2011). Investigation of singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers indicated that some genes associated with resistance towards I. multifiliis are located on rainbow trout chromosomes 16 and 17 (Jaafar et al, 2020). Innate response genes in the Atlantic salmon were targeted by Gilbey et al (2006) focusing on gyrodactylid monogeneans (Gyrodactylus salaris).…”

Section: Genetic Control Through Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of parasitic diseases in aquaculture

Buchmann

2022

Parasitology

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Finfish aquaculture in freshwater and marine environments is continuously expanding globally, and the potential for a substantial further increase is well documented. The industry is supplying fish products for human consumption to the same extent as capture fisheries, and new fish species for domestication are still being selected by the industry. The challenge faced by all aquacultured species, classical and novel, is the range of pathogens associated with each new fish type. A fish host in its natural environment carries a series of more or less specific parasites (specialists and generalists). Some of these show a marked ability to propagate in aquaculture settings. They may then elicit disease when infection intensities in the confined aquaculture environment reach high levels. In addition, the risk of transmission of parasites from aquaculture enterprises to wild fish stocks adds to the parasitic challenge. Control programmes of various kinds are needed and these may include chemotherapeutants and medicines as the farmer's first and convenient choice, but mechanical, biological, immunological and genetic control methods are available solutions. New methods are still to be developed by scrutinizing the life cycle of each particular parasite species and pin-pointing the vulnerable stage to be targeted. As parasites exhibit a huge potential for adaptation to environmental changes, one must realize that only one approach rarely is sufficient. The present work therefore elaborates on and advocates for implementation of integrated control strategies for diseases caused by protozoan and metazoan parasites.

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Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss against the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Cited by 31 publications

References 60 publications

A Major QTL for Resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout

A Major QTL for Resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout

Inflammatory reactions in rainbow trout fins and gills exposed to biocides

Control of parasitic diseases in aquaculture

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