Quantum Authentication Protocol for Classical Messages Based on Bell states and Hash Function

Abstract

its hash value h(m) into a sequence of Bell states. To authenticate the classical message, the message receiver extracts m and h(m) from the qubits owned by himself/herself, and verifies whether h(m) matches m. The adversary's disturbance to the quantum channel can be detected by checking whether h(m) matches m.The transmitted message has the properties of both secrecy and authentication. Our quantum authentication protocol is secure against message attack and no-message attack.