“…Many theoretical and experimental studies have been devoted to the dense coding capacity. [
2–8 ] Generally, the amount of encoded classical information that might be transferred via chosen channel has been the Holevo quantity, where the maximum capacity of dense coding is expressed as [ 9 ]
where
is the von Neumann entropy.
denotes the average density state of the single ensemble for a two‐qubit channel state, where the sender encodes his information by performing a set of mutually orthogonal unitary transformations.…”