Quantum Direct Communication Based on Quantum Search Algorithm

Abstract

Quantum direct communications, including deterministic secure quantum communication and quantum secure direct communication protocol using two-qubit quantum search algorithm are proposed in this paper. Secret messages are encoded by two-qubit unitary operations and exchanged by the two communication parties directly. We discussed the security of the protocol under intercept-resend attack and individual attack. We found that the protocols are secure against eavesdropping attacks.Keywords: Deterministic secure quantum communication; quantum direct communication; quantum search algorithm; quantum secure direct communication.

Two Quantum Direct Communication Protocols Based on Quantum Search Algorithm

“…The probability of failure can be decreased by repeating the algorithm [40,41]. Besides quantum computing, QSA was utilized to achieve cryptographic tasks, including QSS [42][43][44][45], quantum direct communication [40,46,47] and quantum private comparison [41]. For example, Hsu proposed a QSS protocol using the Grover's algorithm [42] in 2003.…”

“…Using the second property shown in Theorem 2, Wang et al [46] proposed two quantum direct communication protocols including a DSQC protocol and a QSDC protocol based on two-qubit QSA. Recently, Tseng et al [40] propose a controlled DSQC protocol utilizing the two properties of Grover's QSA.…”

“…Compared with the two quantum direct communication protocols [46] which only employ the second property of Grover's QSA, the two quantum direct communication protocols employ the two properties of Grover's QSA. The DSQC protocol is similar to the two-step QSDC and the QSDC protocol is similar to the Ping-Pong QSDC.…”

Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Two-Photon Four-Qubit Cluster States

“…There is a review article about QSDC in [11], which gave a detailed account of QSDC and DSQC. After that, a number of quantum secure direct communication protocols were presented, such as the protocols using single particle [12][13][14], in fact, [12] is just the deterministic QKD protocol in [15] with single photons, EPR pairs [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], GHZ state [23][24][25][26][27], W state [28] and four-qubit χ -type entangled state [29,30], two-photon three-qubit cluster state [31], hyperentanglement [32][33][34][35], and others interesting QSDC protocols [36][37][38][39][40].…”

Controlled Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication Based on Quantum Search Algorithm

“…However, a few researchers have recently applied the concept of QSA to construct quantum cryptographic protocols such as quantum secret sharing [9,10] and quantum direct communication [11]. This study attempts to propose the first CDSQC protocol based on the QSA.…”