“…Integrated information (II) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] is a measure of internal information exchange in complex systems and it has recently attracted a lot of interest, because initially it was proposed to quantify consciousness [ 5 ]. Despite the fact that this initial aim is still a matter of research and debate [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], the II concept itself is by now a widely acknowledged tool in the field of complex dynamics analysis [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The general concept gave rise to specific “empirical” formalizations of II [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] aimed at computability from empirical probability distributions based on real data.…”