Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Maes, Stéphane

doi:10.31219/osf.io/z6ubm

Cited by 40 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 320 publications

(613 reference statements)

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“…The multi-fold mechanism proposed in [1] Is not defeated by matter shield: gravity is not weakened: instead of only letting neutrinos contribution through the shield adds a contribution that reflects that as a source of energy it is subject to the potential energies from the source; which resolves the perceived issue and maintain suitability of the model of gravity emergence from entanglement of virtual particle emitted by a source of energy (or mass). ____…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It can also be looked as adding contributions of the Ricci curvature scalar R of the folds, from all matter or energy contributions, to build a new Ricci curvature scalar field R and, with the direction of attraction information, a new consistent Ricci curvature tensor. Doing so, for all sources of energy, recovers Einstein's GR field equations (or Hilbert Einstein Action); which is amazing as invariance of surfaces (the real geometrical meaning behind the Hilbert Einstein Action) or variants of the Hilbert Einstein have, at no point, be postulated in [1] prior to that determination (something that can't exactly be said the same way for strings). Also, the multi-folds have a spin-2 symmetry.…”

Section: Gravity Through or Behind A Larger Mass Or Inside A Faraday Cagementioning

confidence: 94%

“…The new preprint [1] proposes contributions to several open problems in physics like the reconciliation of General Relativity with Quantum Physics, explaining the origin of gravity proposed as emerging from quantum (EPR-Einstein Podolsky Rosen) entanglement between particles [5], detailing contributions to dark matter and dark energy and explaining other Standard Model mysteries without requiring New Physics beyond the Standard Model other than the addition of gravity to the Standard Model Lagrangian. All this is achieved in a multi-fold universe that may well model our real universe, which remains to be validated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we hope that it will intrigue enough the reader to push him or her to dig deeper. Most of the more detailed (or entry point) references are provided in [1], and so every statement is not motivated here or presented with the most appropriate references. This paper is rather a story tale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper is rather a story tale. "[1]" appears often, as a person or a model, to refer to the original arguments, analysis, mechanisms or proposals discussed in [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Gravity Shield in Multi-folds Universes

Maes¹

2020

Preprint

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In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model. The presence of a matter obstacle or shield on the path of the entangled virtual photons may be understood as weakening the gravity perceived beyond or within by a test particle. It is an incorrect conclusion. The potential energy (momentum 4-vector) of the shield and the shield acting a new source ensure that gravity perceived by the test particle is unaffected (other than by the additional contributions due to the proper gravity of the shield). In a multi-fold universe, Faraday cages do not weaken gravity!

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Gravity Through or Behind A Larger Mass Or Inside A Faraday Cagementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper is rather a story tale. "[1]" appears often, as a person or a model, to refer to the original arguments, analysis, mechanisms or proposals discussed in [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Gravity Shield in Multi-folds Universes

Maes¹

2020

Preprint

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The Possibility of a Multi-fold Time-Varying Hubble Constant

Maes

2023

Preprint

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The multi-fold theory provides microscopic interpretations to the universe accelerated expansion, inflation mechanisms and dark energy. From the beginning, the multi-fold dark matter main mechanisms have been identified as being stronger in the presence of matter, or energy increasing spacetime curvature. One could therefore naively expect that these mechanisms will also be globally time-dependent, when it comes to the early epochs of the universe. Indeed, during the early cosmological eras, including pre-CMB, different matter densities and curvatures reigned. Each would lead to a different global average cosmological constant. Such a reasoning would predict a Hubble constant that is larger for early time than late time observations. As discussed in multiple papers and articles, proposing a time-varying dark energy density can obviously be a simple way to address the Hubble constant tension: early time estimates would correspond to such a different value, and no Hubble constant tension would exist.However, in our naïve initial analysis above, obtaining larger pre-CMB values could a priori go in the wrong direction when it comes to observations: one would expect a larger Hubble constant at early times, unless if it is rather an additional contribution to the CMB derived Hubble constant.Considering the multi-fold dark energy mechanisms, in all the early stages of the universe, i.e., pre-CMB, aka prerecombination, which led to the CMB, plasma, dominated by electromagnetic and possibly other interactions, occupied the whole concretized spacetime. This way, multi-fold dark energy effects were partially countered by more dominant interactions, and the resulting accelerations of expansion were reduced. It can explain why current early time estimates for the Hubble constant would differ from late time results, and lead to a smaller Hubble constant value at early time. However, it may not fit that well the overall standard cosmological model à la ΛCMD.However, note that recent papers show that a short term increase of the dark energy (5% for redshift z > 5000), can resolve the tension, by pushing up the CMB inferred Hubble constant, i.e. early time estimates, and better match overall the ΛCDM. So maybe our naïve reasoning was not that bad.Combining the two considerations above, our paper shows that multi-fold dark energy mechanisms intrinsically, and microscopically, justify such a behavior that can resolve the Hubble tension. It is another hint in favor of the multi-fold mechanisms, to add to several others. There is also a range where a multi-fold universe appear fractal, which may result into scaling of the cosmological constant, and reducing its value, during this period; again a move in the right direction.The result extends to the real universe, if it is multi-fold, as hinted by past results.

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Multi-fold Gravity can Violate Parity Symmetry

Maes

2024

Preprint

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A few papers have reported the observation of galaxy asymmetries: when drawing oriented tetrahedrons between galaxies, the left and right oriented distributions are skewed. It seems the reflection of a parity symmetry breaking across the universe. If true, it is considered that it may require New Physics fields, or particles, to explain these observations. It is consistent with earlier work investigating if the CMB, and its polarization, could present Parity symmetry violations. These were conjectured to related to a new field present before inflation, or to the behavior of the quintessence.However, there may be more fundamental mechanisms to justify parity asymmetries, like the result of spacetime orientation by 4D gravity, or gravity itself not always respecting parity symmetry. The former is encountered in the multi-fold electroweak symmetry breaking, when gravity orients spacetime, and the latter is a fundamental property of the multi-fold mechanisms, and multi-fold gravity.Radiated right-handed virtual neutrinos involved in multi-fold gravity are, now unable to interact via the weak interaction, and hoping to hide with the Higgs, which impacts propagation, and therefore the long range massive gravity effects, from when involving left-handed neutrinos. It is a first explanation for parity symmetry violation by gravity.As a results fluctuations, or even larger structures, which are parity images of each other, do not feel gravity effects the same way, nor produce the same gravity effects, even if the difference is small. With inflation and expansion, these effects can become apparent macroscopically and cosmologically. Therefore, the distributions of such structures, like oriented tetrahedra, could differ, as reported to be observed. No need to involve New Physics, in the sense of a new field, or the presence of quintessence, one just needs to consider and include gravity.The most important conclusions is that the multi-fold theory predicted such a P-symmetry breaking in its original paper, and, by now, there may have been observations of such behaviors at cosmological scales, and with tis paper explanation for them. These are additional hints in favor of the multi-fold theory, and how it may apply to our real universe.

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Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Cited by 40 publications

References 320 publications

No Gravity Shield in Multi-folds Universes

No Gravity Shield in Multi-folds Universes

The Possibility of a Multi-fold Time-Varying Hubble Constant

Multi-fold Gravity can Violate Parity Symmetry

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