Quantum Internet—Applications, Functionalities, Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Research Directions

Singh, Amoldeep; Dev, Kapal; Šiljak, Harun; Joshi, Hem Dutt; Magarini, Maurizio

doi:10.1109/comst.2021.3109944

Cited by 80 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 316 publications

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“…The whole converting process of communication begins from the classical domain to the quantum domain and is done by classical input and encoding. In the classical state, this is equivalent to source coding and channel coding [86]. And by the channel, data is transmitted.…”

Section: B Quantum Based Satellite Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Communication Systems: Vision, Protocols, Applications, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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The growth of modern technological sectors have risen to such a spectacular level that the blessings of technology have spread to every corner of the world, even to remote corners. At present, technological development finds its basis in the theoretical foundation of classical physics in every field of scientific research, such as wireless communication, visible light communication, machine learning, and computing. The performance of the conventional communication systems is becoming almost saturated due to the usage of bits. The usage of quantum bits in communication technology has already surpassed the limits of existing technologies and revealed to us a new path in developing technological sectors. Implementation of quantum technology over existing system infrastructure not only provides better performance but also keeps the system secure and reliable. This technology is very promising for future communication systems. This review article describes the fundamentals of quantum communication, vision, design goals, information processing, and protocols. Besides, quantum communication system model is also proposed here. This research included and explained the prospective applications of quantum technology over existing technological systems, along with the potential challenges of obtaining the goal.INDEX TERMS quantum bridge keeper, quantum computing, quantum communication network, quantum key distribution, qubits.

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Section: B Quantum Based Satellite Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Communication Systems: Vision, Protocols, Applications, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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“…F between the channel input/output -or, correspondingly when it comes to 7 We refer the reader to Appendix A for a proper definition of separable states. 8 We refer the reader to Appendix B for a concise introduction to quantum channels, and to [45,48,49,50] for an in-depth treatise of quantum channel capacities. 9 In a nutshell, the fidelity F is a measure, with values between 0 and 1 of the distinguishability of two arbitrary quantum states ρ and σ, and it is generally defined as [49,46]…”

Section: Operational Capacity Definition For a Quantum Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Deep the Theory of Quantum Communications Goes: Superadditivity, Superactivation and Causal Activation

Koudia

Cacciapuoti

Simonov³

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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In the theory of quantum communications, a deeper structure has been recently unveiled, showing that the capacity does not completely characterize the channel ability to transmit information due to phenomena -namely, superadditivity, superactivation and causal activation -with no counterpart in the classical world. Although how deep goes this structure is yet to be fully uncovered, it is crucial for the communication engineering community to own the implications of these phenomena for understanding and deriving the fundamental limits of communications. Hence, the aim of this treatise is to shed light on these phenomena by providing the reader with an easy access and guide towards the relevant literature and the prominent results from a communication engineering perspective.

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“…uantum communication is a new type of communication mode developed in recent years that stems from the need to keep both parties confidential, especially in the military. With the rapid development of the internet industry, increasing attention has been given to the information security of users and enterprises, so quantum communication has broad application prospects [1,2]. At present, quantum secure communication has been successfully applied to optical fibre communication [3,4] and satellite optical communication [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lower Size, Weight Acquisition and Tracking System for Airborne Quantum Communication

Shen

Dai

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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The features of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as strong manoeuvrability, small size, and light weight, make them considered to participate in free space optical (FSO) quantum communication, becoming an important part of the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network. However, research reports on small-sized drones based long-range optical quantum link are few. A major challenge is that traditional opto-mechanical structure is difficult to adapt to small UAV platforms. Here, a lower size, weight, and power (SWaP) acquisition and tracking system prototype is developed, and its greatest advantage is that the system can be easily integrated into small flying platforms and quickly build a long-distance quantum communication link. The prototype weighs less than 8 kg. A small-sized two-axis mirror mechanism is designed for wide-range acquisition and tracking. Moreover, the system can automatically point to ground station. The SWaP acquisition and tracking system can support quantum key distribution (QKD) link and general FSO link by drones. In the 7 km air-to-ground demonstration, the acquisition and tracking system prototype is tested in practice, which is suspended under the small six-rotor UAV platform, and a special passive vibration isolation unit is added in between. A ten-minute continuous and stable beacon tracking proves that the system can quickly and automatically align.

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Quantum Internet—Applications, Functionalities, Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Research Directions

Cited by 80 publications

References 316 publications

Quantum Communication Systems: Vision, Protocols, Applications, and Challenges

Quantum Communication Systems: Vision, Protocols, Applications, and Challenges

How Deep the Theory of Quantum Communications Goes: Superadditivity, Superactivation and Causal Activation

A Lower Size, Weight Acquisition and Tracking System for Airborne Quantum Communication

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