Quantum Key Distribution: Modeling and Simulation through BB84 Protocol Using Python3

Abstract

Autonomous “Things” is becoming the future trend as the role, and responsibility of IoT keep diversifying. Its applicability and deployment need to re-stand technological advancement. The versatile security interaction between IoTs in human-to-machine and machine-to-machine must also endure mathematical and computational cryptographic attack intricacies. Quantum cryptography uses the laws of quantum mechanics to generate a secure key by manipulating light properties for secure end-to-end communication. We present a proof-of-principle via a communication architecture model and implementation to simulate these laws of nature. The model relies on the BB84 quantum key distribution(QKD) protocol with two scenarios, without and with the presence of an eavesdropper via the interception-resend attack model from a theoretical, methodological, and practical perspective. The proposed simulation initiates communication over a quantum channel for polarized photon transmission after a pre-agreed configuration over a Classic Channel with parameters. Simulation implementation results confirm that the presence of an eavesdropper is detectable during key generation due to Heisenberg’s uncertainty and no-cloning principles. An eavesdropper has a 0.5 probability of guessing transmission qubit and 0.25 for the polarization state. During simulation re-iterations, a base-mismatch process discarded about 50 percent of the total initial key bits with an Error threshold of 0.11 percent.

A Multi-Path QKD Algorithm with Multiple Segments

“…The first quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, known as the BB84 protocol [1], was proposed by Bennett and Brassard in 1984. The security of this protocol relies on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the nocloning principle.…”

“…The link with the highest contribution rate is given priority, which corresponds to the link with the greatest increase in remaining key quantity after a key exchange, ensuring a balanced key quantity in each link. The contribution rate of a node to a link can be represented as Equation (1) shows:…”

Evaluating Software Security in the Era of Quantum Computer by Using Fuzzy TOPSIS

“…To secure the software, web application, network, etc., several protocols are created sequentially with the same or different mechanism against the well-known quantum attack. In QKD depends on three algorithms BB84, B92, and EPR [18]. Quantum cryptography is guaranteed by the law of physics demonstrated by the non-cloning theory that supports the secure key unconditionally and detects eavesdropping on the quantum-based communication channel.…”

Quantum Key Distribution Shared Protocol Using Teleportation and Delayed Measurement

“…Quantum cryptography is based on the use of different quantum features to guarantee the security of information against attacks. Based on established security protocols [5], one of the best known is the BB84 protocol [6]. It was the first used for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) [6,7].…”