Quantum-Mechanical Investigation of Field-Emission Mechanism of a Micrometer-Long Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube

Zheng, Xiaoliang; Chen, Guanhua; Li, Zhibing; Deng, Shaozhi; Xu, Ning

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.106803

Cited by 161 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A few years ago, it became possible to simulate long CNTs (up to several µm in length) by a hybrid approach involving both quantum mechanics and classical analysis 8,9 . A (5,5) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) closed with a fullerene hemisphere was simulated in this way (we refer to this as the "closed CNT").…”

Section: Introduction a General Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of apex dipoles and field penetration in the physics of charged, field emitting, single-walled carbon nanotubes

Peng

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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A 1 µm long, field emitting, (5,5) single-walled, carbon nanotube (SWCNT) closed with a fullerene cap, and a similar open nanotube with hydrogen-atom termination, have been simulated using the MNDO (Modified Neglect of Diatomic Overlap) quantum-mechanical method. Both contain about 80 000 atoms. It is found that field penetration and band-bending, and various forms of chemically and electrically induced apex dipole, play roles. Field penetration may help to explain electroluminescence associated with field emitting carbon nanotubes. Charge-density oscillations, induced by the hydrogen adsorption, are also found. Many of the effects can be related to known effects that occur with metallic or semiconductor field emitters; this helps both to explain the effects and to unify our knowledge about field electron emitters. However, it is currently unclear how best to treat correlation-and-exchange effects when defining the CNT emission barrier. A new form of definition for the field enhancement factor (FEF) is used. Predicted FEF values for these SWCNTs are significantly less than values predicted by simple classical formulae. The FEF for the closed SWCNT decreases with applied field; the FEF for the H-terminated open SWCNT is less than the FEF for the closed SWCNT, but increases with applied field. Physical explanations for this behavior are proposed. Curved Fowler-Nordheim plots are predicted. Overall, the predicted field emission performance of the H-terminated open SWCNT is slightly better than that of the closed SWCNT, essentially because a C-H dipole is formed that reduces the height of the tunnelling barrier. In general, the physics of a charged SWCNT seems more complex than hitherto realised.

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Section: Introduction a General Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of apex dipoles and field penetration in the physics of charged, field emitting, single-walled carbon nanotubes

Peng

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Calculations show that penetration of the electric field is also possible in SWCNTs at the apex region. [25] In our case we used nanotubes with quite a large www.advancedsciencenews.com www.pss-b.com average diameter of 1.8 nm. Since the field penetration may be more efficient for wider nanotubes it can be one of the reasons why saturation effects are rarely observed for FE from clean SWCNTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Field Emission From Semiconducting and Metallic Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Planar Emitters

Kleshch

Eremina

Serbun

et al. 2017

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Field electron emission from thin films composed of solely metallic or semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes is investigated using a scanning tip anode technique. Metallic and semiconducting nanotubes are separated by aqueous two-phase extraction. Local field emission centers observed on nanotube films of both types showed non-linear FowlerNordheim (FN) plots bent downwards. The curving of FN plots is much stronger for semiconducting nanotubes which is explained by their higher electrical resistance and stronger field penetration effect compared to metallic nanotubes. Particular nanotubes of both types revealed oscillations in current-voltage characteristics. The periodic oscillations indicated that the field emission current is modulated either by resonant tunnelling from confinement states in nano-objects formed by adsorbates or by the Coulomb blockade effect that can occur for emission from short carbon nanotubes.

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“…Instead of treating graphene as an ideal metallic sheet, the present paper should take into account the energy band structure and density of states of graphene. More importantly, the field penetration should be considered, as the field penetration would play decisive role in the CFE of nanostructures [24,26]. Based on a self-consistent semiclassical model, we will give the charge distribution (and thus the field penetration) on graphene under the macroscopic applied field analytically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, sophistic theoretical studies of CFE of nano-structures based on quantum chemistry methods [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and electronic band structures [15] do reveal new mechanism and characteristics that are proprietary in nano-strutures. A classical study has indicated that the field emission of nano-sheet follows the ln(J/F 3 )~1/F 2 law in contrast to the conventional FN law of ln(J/F 2 )~1/F.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field electron emission characteristic of graphene

Wang

Qin

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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The field electron emission current from graphene is calculated analytically on a semiclassical model. The unique electronic energy band structure of graphene and the field penetration in the edge from which the electrons emit have been taken into account. The relation between the effective vacuum barrier height and the applied field is obtained. The calculated slope of the Fowler-Nordheim plot of the current-field characteristic is in consistent with existing experiments.

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Quantum-Mechanical Investigation of Field-Emission Mechanism of a Micrometer-Long Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube

Cited by 161 publications

References 20 publications

The roles of apex dipoles and field penetration in the physics of charged, field emitting, single-walled carbon nanotubes

The roles of apex dipoles and field penetration in the physics of charged, field emitting, single-walled carbon nanotubes

A Comparative Study of Field Emission From Semiconducting and Metallic Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Planar Emitters

Field electron emission characteristic of graphene

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