Quantum noise reduction in optical amplification

Ou, Z. Y.; Pereira, Silvania F.; Kimble, H. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.3239

Cited by 102 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Other advantages are the potential for optical phase and amplitude regeneration [4,5], dispersion compensation [6], and the suppression of modulational instability [7]. Various schemes to achieve PSA have been reported previously, including degenerate parametric amplification (PA) (or squeezed-state generation) in a χ (2) medium [8][9][10][11] and degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a χ (3) medium [12][13][14]. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These amplifiers are examples of phase-insensitive amplifiers (PIAs), since their gain does not depend on the optical phase of the input signals [1]. In theory one could also use phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs), which are capable of amplifying or deamplifying input signals according to the phase of the optical signal [2,3]. One of the most intriguing advantages of PSAs is that the noise figure can potentially be reduced below the 3dB quantum limit of PIAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase sensitive amplification based on quadratic cascading in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide

Lee¹,

Parmigiani²,

Liu³

et al. 2009

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We propose and demonstrate phase-sensitive amplification based on cascaded second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation within a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. Excellent agreement between our numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments using a 3-cm waveguide device operating at wavelengths around 1550 nm is obtained. Our experiments confirm the validity and practicality of the approach and illustrate the broad gain bandwidths achievable. Additional simulation results show that the maximum gain/attenuation factor increases quadratically with input pump power, reaching a value of ±19.0dB at input pump powers of 33 dBm for a 3 cmlong waveguide. Increased gains/reduced powers for a fixed gain could be achieved using longer crystals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase sensitive amplification based on quadratic cascading in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide

Lee¹,

Parmigiani²,

Liu³

et al. 2009

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, to date phase-insensitive amplification at the quantum limit has been only partially demonstrated [8,9]: a number of difficulties are indeed involved in practice, especially for low gain applications. These difficulties mainly lie in the fact that the amplified field has to be efficiently coupled, mediated by a non linearity, to a pump field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, provided that the spurious technical noise N cl is constant or has only a weak dependence on G, the noise figure still approaches the quantum limit of 3dB in the high gain regime. The situation is different at low gains, as technical noise or internal losses become devastating for quantum noise limited performance [8,9]. To date, these effects have hitherto prevented the full demonstration of quantum noise limited phase-insensitive amplification in the low gain regime [11], which is the domain of interest in the context of quantum information science.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Optical Amplification without Nonlinearity

et al. 2006

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We propose and experimentally realize a new scheme for universal phase-insensitive optical amplification. The presented scheme relies only on linear optics and homodyne detection, thus circumventing the need for nonlinear interaction between a pump field and the signal field. The amplifier demonstrates near optimal quantum noise limited performance for a wide range of amplification factors.PACS numbers: 42.65.Yj, 42.50.Lc, Optical amplification is inevitably affected by fundamental quantum noise no matter whether it is phase sensitive or phase insensitive as stressed by Louisell et al. [1] and by Haus and Mullen [2]. The ultimate limits imposed by quantum mechanics on amplifiers was later concisely formulated by Caves [3] in fundamental theorems. This intrinsic noise, intimately linked with measurement theory and the no-cloning theorem, gives rise to many inextricable restrictions on the manipulations of quantum states. For example, microscopic quantum objects cannot be perfectly transformed, through amplification, into macroscopic objects for detailed inspection [4]: for phase insensitive amplification nonclassical features of quantum states, such as squeezing or oscillations in phase space, will be gradually washed out, and the signal to noise ratio of an information carrying quantum state will be reduced during the course of amplification. Despite these limitations, the universal phase insensitive amplifier is however rich of applications, in particular in optical communication. Amplifiers operating at the quantum noise limit are of particular importance for quantum communication where information is encoded in fragile quantum states, thus extremely vulnerable to noise.Numerous apparatuses accomplish, in principle, ideal phase insensitive amplification as, for instance, solid state laser amplifiers [5], parametric downconverters [6] and schemes based on four wave mixing processes [7]. However, to date phase-insensitive amplification at the quantum limit has been only partially demonstrated [8,9]: a number of difficulties are indeed involved in practice, especially for low gain applications. These difficulties mainly lie in the fact that the amplified field has to be efficiently coupled, mediated by a non linearity, to a pump field.Following a recent trend in quantum information science, where non linear media are efficiently replaced by linear optics [10], we show in this Letter that universal phase insensitive amplification can also be achieved using only linear optics and homodyne detection. The simplicity and the robustness of this original scheme enable us to achieve near quantum noise limited amplification of coherent states, even in the low gain regime.Let us first briefly summarize the basic formalism describing a phase-insensitive amplifier [3]. Because of the symmetry of such an amplifier, it can be described by the following input-output transformation:â out = √ Gâ in +N whereâ in(out) represent the input (output) annihilation bosonic operators, G is the power gain and N the operator associated wi...

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“…Light characterization by measurement and reconstruction of the Wigner function shares some similarities with the NG criterion. In particular: it is sensitive to the losses and is able to distinguish Gaussian from non-Gaussian states [13][14][15]. Additionally, this criterion [12] is still applicable in the case of low emission and detection efficiency in contrast to the direct measurement of the negativity of the Wigner function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency vs multi-photon contribution test for quantum dots

Predojević¹,

Ježek²,

Huber³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

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The development of linear quantum computing within integrated circuits demands high quality semiconductor single photon sources. In particular, for a reliable single photon source it is not sufficient to have a low multi-photon component, but also to possess high efficiency. We investigate the photon statistics of the emission from a single quantum dot with a method that is able to sensitively detect the trade-off between the efficiency and the multi-photon contribution. Our measurements show, that the light emitted from the quantum dot when it is resonantly excited possess a very low multi-photon content. Additionally, we demonstrated, for the first time, the non-Gaussian nature of the quantum state emitted from a single quantum dot.The ideal single photon state is quantum mechanically represented by the Fock state |1 , a quantum counterpart of the classical particle. The particle nature of a single photon is traditionally verified by observing an anticorrelation effect on a beam splitter [1]. This measurement of the intensity autocorrelation is commonly accepted as the way to test a light source for non-classicality [2]. Nonetheless, such a measurement is an intensitynormalized measurement and therefore completely insensitive to the vacuum contribution, |0 . In practice, however, all single-photon sources emit a stochastic mixture of the vacuum and the Fock state |1 . For many applications, which do not depend on the efficiency of the singlephoton source the intensity autocorrelation is a sufficient test. On the other hand, applications like linear optical quantum computing [3] crucially depend on the overall source and detector efficiency [4][5][6].Seen from this perspective, the characterization of a quantum state produced by realistic single photon sources would strongly benefit from a measurement that is sensitive to the vacuum contribution as well as the multiphoton component. By measuring the density matrix one obtains the full information about the quantum state of a real single photon source; regrettably, such a full state tomography is usually quite challenging. An alternative approach is to measure a quantum phase-space description of the state, its so-called Wigner function [7]. It is well known that the single photon state |1 has a negative Wigner function [8,9]. Furthermore, there is a whole class of states that possess negative Wigner functions (so called non-Gaussian states of light) as shown by Hudson's theorem [10]. The Wigner function is usually measured by homodyne tomography. This is a very tedious procedure and in some cases even impossible. However, when it is possible, it can detect the negativity of the states Wigner function, as was demonstrated for heralded single photon sources [11]. The practical obstacle for such a measurement is that the negativity depends crucially on the overall source and detector efficiency η. Namely, if η < 0.5 the measured Wigner function is positive, even though the photon source may give a perfectly antibunched intensity autocorrelation measurement. Theref...

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Quantum noise reduction in optical amplification

Cited by 102 publications

References 13 publications

Phase sensitive amplification based on quadratic cascading in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide

Phase sensitive amplification based on quadratic cascading in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide

Universal Optical Amplification without Nonlinearity

Efficiency vs multi-photon contribution test for quantum dots

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