Quantum Resource Counts for Operations Constructed from an Addition Circuit

Miller, Shaun

doi:10.1109/isvlsi49217.2020.00035

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Additionally, the complexity analysis of our subroutine provided in Ref. [29] and [30], demonstrates that we still need more capable quantum computers to create a practical quantum blockchain. We are witnessing tremendous interest and progress in this direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Blockchain Based on Dimensional Lifting Generalized Gram-Schmidt Procedure

Nilesh

Panigrahi

2022

IEEE Access

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The advancement of quantum computers undermines the security of classical blockchain, necessitating either a post-quantum upgrade of the existing architecture or creation of an inherently quantum blockchain. Here we propose a practically realizable model of a fully quantum blockchain based on a generalized Gram-Schmidt procedure utilizing dimensional lifting. In this model, information of transactions stored in a multi-qubit state are subsequently encoded using the generalized Gram-Schmidt process. The chain is generated as a result of the reliance of orthogonalized state on the sequence of states preceding it. Various forking scenarios and their countermeasures are considered for the proposed model. It is shown to be secure even against quantum computing attacks using the no-cloning theorem and nondemocratic nature of Generalized Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. Finally, we outline a framework for a quantum token built on the same architecture as our blockchain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is easy to implement in Quantum Computers as we already have Quantum circuits for Gram-Schmidt procedure [29,30]…”

Section: Genralized Quantum Gram-schmidt Orthogonalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Blockchain Based on Dimensional Lifting Generalized Gram-Schmidt Procedure

Nilesh

Panigrahi

2022

IEEE Access

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“…[20], and also a circuit design for Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is provided in Ref. [21], having input: linearly indepen-…”

Section: Genralized Gram-schmidt Orthogonalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Blockchain based on Dimensional Lifting Generalized Gram-Schmidt Procedure

Nilesh¹,

Panigrahi²

2021

Preprint

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The advancement of quantum computers undermines the security of classical blockchain necessitating either a quantum-resistant upgrade of the existing architecture or creation of an inherently quantum blockchain. Here we propose a model of quantum blockchain based on generalized Gram-Schmidt procedure utilizing dimensional lifting, which is practically realizable. In this model, information of a transaction is recorded in multi-qubit states, that are subsequently encoded using the extended Gram-Schmidt process. The chain is generated as a result of the reliance of orthogonalized state on the sequence of states preceding it. Various forking scenarios are considered and their suitable corrections are provided for this model of blockchain. Furthermore, the critical security and counterfeiting concerns are investigated showing the robustness of the model against those counterfeiting and vulnerabilities. Finally, we outline a framework for a quantum token built on the same architecture as our blockchain.

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