Quantum state engineering by click counting

Sperling, Jan; Vogel, W.; Agarwal, G. S.

doi:10.1103/physreva.89.043829

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…With the advent of quantum state engineering [1][2][3][4] and quantum computation [5,6], much attention has been given to the nonclassical properties of quantum states [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The reason behind this intense attention is obvious as the nonclassical states being the states having no classical analogue must be essential for performing tasks that are impossible in the classical world (e.g., teleportation, densecoding, unconditionally secure quantum key distribution).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized binomial state: Nonclassical features observed through various witnesses and a quantifier of nonclassicality

Mandal

Alam

Verma

et al. 2019

Optics Communications

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Experimental realization of various quantum states of interest has become possible in the recent past due to the rapid developments in the field of quantum state engineering. Nonclassical properties of such states have led to various exciting applications, specifically in the area of quantum information processing. The present article aims to study lower-and higher-order nonclassical features of such an engineered quantum state (a generalized binomial state based on Abel's formula). Present study has revealed that the state studied here is highly nonclassical. Specifically, higher-order nonclassical properties of this state are reported using a set of witnesses, like higher-order antibunching, higher-order sub-Poissonian photon statistics, higher-order squeezing (both Hong Mandel type and Hillery type). A set of other witnesses for lower-and higher-order nonclassicality (e.g., Vogel's criterion and Agarwal's A parameter) have also been explored. Further, an analytic expression for the Wigner function of the generalized binomial state is reported and the same is used to witness nonclassicality and to quantify the amount of nonclassicality present in the system by computing the nonclassical volume (volume of the negative part of the Wigner function). Optical tomogram of the generalized binomial state is also computed for various conditions as Wigner function cannot be measured directly in an experiment in general, but the same can be obtained from the optical tomogram with the help of Radon transform. arXiv:1811.10557v1 [quant-ph] 26 Nov 2018 state (BS) [36] and can be defined aswhere B M n (p) is the probability amplitude of the binomial state which corresponds to the occurrence of n photons with equal probability p obtained in M independent ways [36]. Mathematically, the binomial state is equivalent to a molecular system having same photon emitting probability p from the different energy levels of the excited states of the molecule which undergoes the M level vibrational relaxation [37]. Binomial state being an intermediate state, reduces to various existing states at different limits. For example, it reduces to a (a) vacuum state |0 (if p→0,It is interesting to note that coherent states are closest to classical states and the number states are the most nonclassical states. Thus, fundamentally different states of electromagnetic field can be obtained as limiting cases of BS. Naturally, properties of BS has been studied since long [38].The interest on the BS is not restricted to the state of the form Eq.(1), it has been extended to various variants of BS, too. Specifically, in Refs. [39,40] negative binomial state was proposed, and subsequently its properties were studied in Refs. [10]. Similarly, reciprocal binomial state was introduced in Ref. [12] and studied in [9,10]. Further, a couple of generalized binomial states (GBS) 1 have been proposed [37] and their nonclassical properties have also been investigated [9,10]. More interestingly, possible applications of GBS have been explored in the field of quantum co...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized binomial state: Nonclassical features observed through various witnesses and a quantifier of nonclassicality

Mandal

Alam

Verma

et al. 2019

Optics Communications

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“…Photons are standardly detected by converting a photon's energy into a measurable signal, thereby destroying the photon. Nondestructive photon detection, which is of interest for many quantum optical technologies [10][11][12], is possible through strong nonlinear interactions [12] that ideally form a quantum nondemolition measurement [13]. To date, quantum nondemolition measurement of single microwave photons bound to cooled cavities has been demonstrated with high fidelity using Rydberg atoms [14][15][16], and in a circuit cavity quantum electrodynamics system using a superconducting qubit [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Partially Nondestructive Continuous Detection of Individual Traveling Optical Photons

et al. 2016

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We report the continuous and partially nondestructive measurement of optical photons. For a weak light pulse traveling through a slow-light optical medium (signal), the associated atomic-excitation component is detected by another light beam (probe) with the aid of an optical cavity. We observe strong correlations of g ð2Þ sp ¼ 4.4ð5Þ between the transmitted signal and probe photons. The observed (intrinsic) conditional nondestructive quantum efficiency ranges between 13% and 1% (65% and 5%) for a signal transmission range of 2% to 35%, at a typical time resolution of 2.5 μs. The maximal observed (intrinsic) device nondestructive quantum efficiency, defined as the product of the conditional nondestructive quantum efficiency and the signal transmission, is 0.5% (2.4%). The normalized cross-correlation function violates the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, confirming the nonclassical character of the correlations. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.033602 Photons are unique carriers of quantum information that can be strongly interfaced with atoms for quantum state generation and processing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Quantum state detection, a particular type of processing, is at the heart of quantum mechanics and has profound implications for quantum information technologies. Photons are standardly detected by converting a photon's energy into a measurable signal, thereby destroying the photon. Nondestructive photon detection, which is of interest for many quantum optical technologies [10][11][12], is possible through strong nonlinear interactions [12] that ideally form a quantum nondemolition measurement [13]. To date, quantum nondemolition measurement of single microwave photons bound to cooled cavities has been demonstrated with high fidelity using Rydberg atoms [14][15][16], and in a circuit cavity quantum electrodynamics system using a superconducting qubit [17].For quantum communication and many other photonics quantum information applications [18,19], it is desirable to detect traveling optical photons instead of photons bound to cavities. Previously, a single-photon transistor was realized using an atomic ensemble inside a high finesse cavity where one stored photon blocked the transmission of more than one cavity photon and could still be retrieved [5]. Such strong cross-modulation [20] can be used for all-optical destructive detection of the stored optical photon, but the parameters in that experiment did not allow nondestructive detection with any appreciable efficiency. High-efficiency pulsed nondestructive optical detection has recently been achieved using a single atom in a cavity [21]. In that implementation, the atomic state is prepared in 250 μs, altered by the interaction with an optical pulse reflected from the cavity, and read out in 25 μs.In this Letter, we realize partially nondestructive, continuous detection of traveling optical photons with microsecond time resolution. The signal photons to be detected propagate through an atomic ensemble as slow-light polaritons [22] under conditions of electro...

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“…For example, Lee et al described the implementation by using cavity-field atom interactions [31]. Recently Sperling et al considered heralded quantum state preparation using correlated light fields, photon addition and photon subtraction processes [46]. All the current technology satisfies the requirement for preparing the ACSV and the CASV.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nonclassicality generated by repeatedly operating photon annihilation-then-creation and creation-then-annihilation on squeezed vacuum

Yuan

Zhou

2015

Optics Communications

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Quantum state engineering by click counting

Cited by 58 publications

References 67 publications

Generalized binomial state: Nonclassical features observed through various witnesses and a quantifier of nonclassicality

Generalized binomial state: Nonclassical features observed through various witnesses and a quantifier of nonclassicality

Partially Nondestructive Continuous Detection of Individual Traveling Optical Photons

Nonclassicality generated by repeatedly operating photon annihilation-then-creation and creation-then-annihilation on squeezed vacuum

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