The theory of mixed valence hopping conductivity is reviewed and prepared in a way suitable for quantum chemical calculations. Metallic conductivity appears as a limit case, if the thermal barrier for electron transfer is approaching zero and the orbital contact between the electron exchanging subsystems is large enough for adiabatic transfer. The theory is exemplified by calculations on the molecular crystal model and a model for doped polyacetylene. In the latter case it is possible to explain the decreasing thermal barrier for increased concentration of doping molecules as due to increased interaction between these molecules through the polymer chain.