Quantum theory of the strong magneto-optical effect of Ce-substituted yttrium iron garnet

Quantum theory of the magneto-optical effect and magnetization of Nd-substituted yttrium iron garnet

“…That explains why for Ce:YIG no precise experimental determination of C elec was possible (it is recalled that the Ce content is limited to a few percents in YIG). However a theoretical study [15] based on the quantum theory has shown that for Ce:YIG C elec remains always negative with an absolute value which increases strongly as the temperature decreases from 300 to 50 K. So, it is interesting to extend the study of the C elec behavior to the Nd:YIG garnet, since experiments have revealed that the absolute value of C elec decreases when temperature decreases [5] as in Pr:YIG. It is worth noting that all the conclusions mentioned above are drawn at 1.15 micron wavelength (8700 cm −1 ) except the C elec linear temperature dependence which is also observed in the visible range for some heavy rare-earth garnets [22].…”

“…It should be noted that the influence of all other excited configurations will be neglected because they have very high energies. Because there are no experimental values of the energies of various 4f 2 5d terms, the splitting of the 4f 2 5d configuration cannot be easily obtained in the LSJ representation as in the case of Ce and Pr compounds [9,15]. However, it has been shown [16,17] that for the 4f n−1 5d configuration of Eu 2+ and Sm 2+ ions, the total spin momentum S (S = s d + S f ) and a composite angular momentum J (J = S + L f ) can be good quantum numbers approximately, where s d is the spin angular momentum of a 5d electron, and S f and L f are the total spin and angular momenta of the 4f n−1 electrons, respectively.…”

“…dipole one and may then be neglected [12][13][14]. Furthermore, according to some of our previous works [9,15], the Faraday rotation induced by the rare-earth ions originates mainly from the intra-ionic electric dipole transitions between the different perturbation split levels of the 4f n and 4f n−1 5d configurations. In this work, this model is used as well.…”

Main factors in determining the magneto-optical behavior of rare-earth compounds

“…The numerical values of the CF parameters, exchange field coefficients, mean radius /rS 4f5d are those of Ref. [7]. The SO interaction strengths are those of Ref.…”

Temperature-dependent Faraday rotation and magnetization reorientation in cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet thin films

“…23,24 The temperature-dependence of the optical properties of garnets is important in the operation of optical imaging devices, isolators, or sensors. 27,28 Investigations of FR in the low temperature regime have been carried out for various iron garnets [29][30][31] and indicate a higher FR at low temperatures. Ce 3+ ions contribute to a significant enhancement of the FR at low temperatures in Ce:YIG.…”