Quarkonium in a thermal BIon

Abstract

In the present article, the authors intend to propose a new theory which potentially allows the propagation of the formation and the evolution of quarkonium in a thermal BIon. When quarks are close to each other, quarkonium behaves like a scalar and by their getting away, it transits to a fermionic system. In order to analyze this particular behaviour, a new outlook approach needs to be adopted as the concurrent view is found deficient to analyse the aforesaid behaviour. Therefore, the authors' post deliberation accept the fermions and fermionic being cognate. We need to accept a theory that the origin of fermions and bosons be the same. However, in $M$-theory, these particles are independent and for this reason, \textbf{we use a new broader theory based on Lie-$N$-Algebra and we call it BLNA (Broad Lie-$N$-Algebra)} theory. Thus, the BLNA in a way the $M$-theory with $11$ dimensions. In this model, two types of energies with opposite signs emerge from nothing such as the sum over them becomes zero. They produce two types of branes with opposite quantum numbers and bosonic fields, which interact with each other and get compact. By compacting branes, the quarks and anti-quarks are produced on branes and exchange the graviton and the gravitino. These particles produce two types of wormholes which act opposite to each other. They preclude from closing or getting away of branes from each other and also occurrence of confinement. This confined potential which emerges from these wormholes depends on the separation distance between quarks and anti-quarks and also on temperature of system and is reduced to predicted potential in experiments and QCD. Also, total entropy of this system grows with increasing temperature and produces a repulsive force which leads to the separation of quarks and anti-quarks and also to the emergence of deconfinement.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures. Accepted in Can.J.Phy

QCD Theory of the Hadrons and Filling the Yang–Mills Mass Gap

“…This is important for two reasons: First, the U(1) Maxwell Equations ( 1) are two distinct equations because there are no magnetic monopoles. But in (19)-courtesy of the non-vanishing YM monopole (12b) and the YM current sources (12a) with Proca mass in (15), the latter inverted using (17)the resulting YM monopole (19) combines both Yang-Mills Maxwell equations into a single equation. Second, this YM monopole p αµν has now been populated with a triplet of YM source currents j σ , j τ , j γ having three distinct indexes.…”

“…The next step is to explicitly calculate the inverse using (18), then insert this in (17) and (19). This inverse calculation is carried out in detail in Appendix A.…”

“…All the while, lattice QCD provides only convincing numeric computation, not fully analytic proof, that our theories about strong interactions are correct, because of the perceived intractability of analytically studying the foregoing phenomena. This has produced a substantial body of literature exemplified by [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], all seeking to answer these questions about confinement and hadronization and quark-antiquark objects and even the core nature of strong interactions, without the benefit of knowing what baryons really are. However, if we do know the true theoretical origin of baryons, then hadronization leading to confinement and to baryon interactions via mesons and even to SU(3) QCD itself ought to flow effortlessly from the natural inherent properties of these baryons.…”

“…Next, we substitute the inverse (20) with renamed indexes as needed and recursion-highlighting parentheses removed, into the monopoles (19), to obtain:…”