Quartz crystal microbalance-based biosensing of proteins using molecularly imprinted polydopamine sensing films: Interplay between protein characteristics and molecular imprinting effect
“…Silica nanoparticles were used as supporting matrices to prepare MIPda and enable a well-adhered MIPda ( Figure 1 E) [ 48 ]. Lastly, QCM crystals serve as excellent supports for quartz crystal microbalance, enabling the real-time monitoring of molecular interactions and facilitating protein recognition studies ( Figure 1 F) [ 49 , 50 ]. These materials demonstrate the diverse roles that core/support materials play in tailoring the properties and applications of MIPda-based materials.…”
Section: Core/substrate Materials Used To Be Modified With Molecularl...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… The MIPda layer thickness is ~5.5 nm The NIPda layer thickness is ~8.0 nm supporting matrice to prepare surface imprinted PDA Dopamine adheres to the surface of SiO 2 . The difference between the thickness layer of MIPda and NIPda indicates that sunset inhibits the self-polymerization of dopamine, to some extent, on the SiO 2 surface Hollow (Silica NPs were removed) [ 51 ] horseradish peroxidase Self-polymerization A very thin layer of MIPda sacrificial matrix The imprinting factor of the hollow MIP was better than that of the solid MIPs QCM crystal QCM crystal [ 49 ] Pepsin, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and lysozyme Self-polymerization NA Support of Quartz crystal microbalance The protein recognition on MIPda-functionalized QCM crystals depended on both the match between recognition sites and the target protein, as well as non-specific interactions between proteins and the MIPda film QCM crystal [ 50 ] Hepatitis B antigen Self-polymerization The bumpy appearance of the MIPda-QCM crystal Support of Quartz crystal microbalance -- PMMA: Polymethyl methacrylate. Figure 1 Various MIPda composites including ( A ) Fe 3 O 4 @MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 34 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( B ) SPCE/AuNPs/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 41 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( C ) Gold electrode/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 42 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( D ) MWCNTs/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 44 ] with permission of Elsevier, ( E ) SiO 2 @MIPda (reprinted from reference [ …”
Section: Core/substrate Materials Used To Be Modified With Molecularl...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Various MIPda composites including ( A ) Fe 3 O 4 @MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 34 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( B ) SPCE/AuNPs/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 41 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( C ) Gold electrode/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 42 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( D ) MWCNTs/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 44 ] with permission of Elsevier, ( E ) SiO 2 @MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 48 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( F ) QCM crystal/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 49 ] with permission of Elsevier). …”
Section: Core/substrate Materials Used To Be Modified With Molecularl...mentioning
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors that mimic the specificity of biological antibody–antigen interactions. By using a “lock and key” process, MIPs selectively bind to target molecules that were used as templates during polymerization. While MIPs are typically prepared using conventional monomers, such as methacrylic acid and acrylamide, contemporary advancements have pivoted towards the functional potential of dopamine as a novel monomer. The overreaching goal of the proposed review is to fully unlock the potential of molecularly imprinted polydopamine (MIPda) within the realm of cutting-edge sensing applications. This review embarks by shedding light on the intricate tapestry of materials harnessed in the meticulous crafting of MIPda, endowing them with tailored properties. Moreover, we will cover the diverse sensing applications of MIPda, including its use in the detection of ions, small molecules, epitopes, proteins, viruses, and bacteria. In addition, the main synthesis methods of MIPda, including self-polymerization and electropolymerization, will be thoroughly examined. Finally, we will examine the challenges and drawbacks associated with this research field, as well as the prospects for future developments. In its entirety, this review stands as a resolute guiding compass, illuminating the path for researchers and connoisseurs alike.
“…Silica nanoparticles were used as supporting matrices to prepare MIPda and enable a well-adhered MIPda ( Figure 1 E) [ 48 ]. Lastly, QCM crystals serve as excellent supports for quartz crystal microbalance, enabling the real-time monitoring of molecular interactions and facilitating protein recognition studies ( Figure 1 F) [ 49 , 50 ]. These materials demonstrate the diverse roles that core/support materials play in tailoring the properties and applications of MIPda-based materials.…”
Section: Core/substrate Materials Used To Be Modified With Molecularl...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… The MIPda layer thickness is ~5.5 nm The NIPda layer thickness is ~8.0 nm supporting matrice to prepare surface imprinted PDA Dopamine adheres to the surface of SiO 2 . The difference between the thickness layer of MIPda and NIPda indicates that sunset inhibits the self-polymerization of dopamine, to some extent, on the SiO 2 surface Hollow (Silica NPs were removed) [ 51 ] horseradish peroxidase Self-polymerization A very thin layer of MIPda sacrificial matrix The imprinting factor of the hollow MIP was better than that of the solid MIPs QCM crystal QCM crystal [ 49 ] Pepsin, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and lysozyme Self-polymerization NA Support of Quartz crystal microbalance The protein recognition on MIPda-functionalized QCM crystals depended on both the match between recognition sites and the target protein, as well as non-specific interactions between proteins and the MIPda film QCM crystal [ 50 ] Hepatitis B antigen Self-polymerization The bumpy appearance of the MIPda-QCM crystal Support of Quartz crystal microbalance -- PMMA: Polymethyl methacrylate. Figure 1 Various MIPda composites including ( A ) Fe 3 O 4 @MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 34 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( B ) SPCE/AuNPs/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 41 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( C ) Gold electrode/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 42 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( D ) MWCNTs/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 44 ] with permission of Elsevier, ( E ) SiO 2 @MIPda (reprinted from reference [ …”
Section: Core/substrate Materials Used To Be Modified With Molecularl...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Various MIPda composites including ( A ) Fe 3 O 4 @MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 34 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( B ) SPCE/AuNPs/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 41 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( C ) Gold electrode/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 42 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( D ) MWCNTs/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 44 ] with permission of Elsevier, ( E ) SiO 2 @MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 48 ] with permission of Elsevier), ( F ) QCM crystal/MIPda (reprinted from reference [ 49 ] with permission of Elsevier). …”
Section: Core/substrate Materials Used To Be Modified With Molecularl...mentioning
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors that mimic the specificity of biological antibody–antigen interactions. By using a “lock and key” process, MIPs selectively bind to target molecules that were used as templates during polymerization. While MIPs are typically prepared using conventional monomers, such as methacrylic acid and acrylamide, contemporary advancements have pivoted towards the functional potential of dopamine as a novel monomer. The overreaching goal of the proposed review is to fully unlock the potential of molecularly imprinted polydopamine (MIPda) within the realm of cutting-edge sensing applications. This review embarks by shedding light on the intricate tapestry of materials harnessed in the meticulous crafting of MIPda, endowing them with tailored properties. Moreover, we will cover the diverse sensing applications of MIPda, including its use in the detection of ions, small molecules, epitopes, proteins, viruses, and bacteria. In addition, the main synthesis methods of MIPda, including self-polymerization and electropolymerization, will be thoroughly examined. Finally, we will examine the challenges and drawbacks associated with this research field, as well as the prospects for future developments. In its entirety, this review stands as a resolute guiding compass, illuminating the path for researchers and connoisseurs alike.
“…The combination of QCM-D and EIS techniques allowed us to study changes in lipid membrane mass, viscoelastic, and electrochemical properties due to concentration-dependent detergent interactions, while the CMC of each detergent was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy in order to detect the onset of micelle formation (Figure ). In line with its wide versatility for studying biological phenomena at solid–liquid interfaces (e.g., involving polymeric and nucleic acid adlayers , ), the QCM-D technique facilitated mechanistic understanding about how detergent–membrane interactions led to mass increases due to detergent adsorption vs. mass losses due to membrane solubilization, while the EIS technique detected detergent-induced changes in the ionic permeability and structural integrity of membranes.…”
Triton X-100 (TX-100) is a membrane-disrupting detergent that is widely used to inactivate membrane-enveloped viral pathogens, yet is being phased out due to environmental safety concerns. Intense efforts are underway to discover regulatory acceptable detergents to replace TX-100, but there is scarce mechanistic understanding about how these other detergents disrupt phospholipid membranes and hence which ones are suitable to replace TX-100 from a biophysical interaction perspective. Herein, using the quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in combination with supported lipid membrane platforms, we characterized the membrane-disruptive properties of a panel of TX-100 replacement candidates with varying antiviral activities and identified two distinct classes of membrane-interacting detergents with different critical micelle concentration (CMC) dependencies and biophysical mechanisms. While all tested detergents formed micelles, only a subset of the detergents caused CMC-dependent membrane solubilization similarly to that of TX-100, whereas other detergents adsorbed irreversibly to lipid membrane interfaces in a CMCindependent manner. We compared these biophysical results to virus inactivation data, which led us to identify that certain membrane-interaction profiles contribute to greater antiviral activity and such insights can help with the discovery and validation of antiviral detergents to replace TX-100.
“…Quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) are the basis of economic and reproducible biosensors, mainly consisting of a thin quartz crystal disk sandwiched between two electrodes oscillating at a specific frequency that alters when the resonator mass changes. , When the quartz disk surface is functionalized with MIPs, a selective biosensor is achieved, which is capable of measuring the existence of a specific antibody. − A simplified model for the working principle of the MIP-modified QCM is as follows. The prepolymerized solution membranes (mixture of monomer, cross-linker, and template molecules) are polymerized on the QCM, and then the template molecules are removed in a process called template removal.…”
In this study, an electric-field-assisted molecularly imprinted polymer (EFAMIP) as an enhanced form of MIP was developed to improve the MIP-modified quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensors. While exerting a vertical electric field, polymerization of methacrylic acid in the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the template was initiated, and later, after the template removal process, the EFAMIPs were obtained. The polymer surface characterization was conducted by using a scanning electron microscope. The impact of electric field direction on IgG binding sites, forming either EFAMIP-F ab or EFAMIP-F c , was assessed. Next, the static measurement results in liquid for EFAMIP-modified QCM and MIP-modified QCM were compared. While encompassing IgG, EFAMIP-modified QCMs exhibited up to a 113.5% higher frequency shift than typical MIP in time-limited detection. The final frequency shift of EFAMIP, which determines the detection limit of IgG, was improved up to 12.5% compared to typical MIP. Moreover, the EFAMIP-F ab performance was promising for the selective detection of IgG in a solution containing different types of immunoglobulins.
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