Quaternary climate change in Iran – the state of knowledge

Kehl, Martin

doi:10.3112/erdkunde.2009.01.01

Cited by 127 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The two potential P. macrobullaris lineages are separated geographically into two broad mountainous regions that experienced contrasting climatic conditions during the Pleistocene. While the Pyrenees and the Alps were largely covered by ice for extended and multiple periods (Hughes et al ., ; Ivy‐Ochs et al ., ), glacial processes were more limited on eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern mountain ranges (Çiner, ; Kehl, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting population‐level responses to Pleistocene climatic oscillations in an alpine bat revealed by complete mitochondrial genomes and evolutionary history inference

Alberdi

Gilbert

Razgour

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim We used an integrative approach to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the alpine long‐eared bat, Plecotus macrobullaris, to test whether the variable effects of Pleistocene climatic oscillations across geographical regions led to contrasting population‐level demographic histories within a single species. Location The Western Palaearctic. Methods We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 57 individuals from across the distribution of the species. The analysis integrated ecological niche modelling (ENM), approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), measures of genetic diversity and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Results We identified two deep lineages: a western lineage, restricted to the Pyrenees and the Alps, and an eastern lineage, which expanded across the mountain ranges east of the Dinarides (Croatia). ENM projections of past conditions predicted that climatic suitability was reduced during cold stages in the areas inhabited by the western lineage, while the opposite trend was observed in the mountains inhabited by the eastern lineage. The palaeodemographic scenario that best fitted our data is consistent with the western lineage population size having shrunk repeatedly because of the extensive glaciation events that occurred in the Alps and Pyrenees during the Pleistocene. In contrast, the eastern lineage maintained a constant population size as is consistent with more limited glaciation in the mountains of south‐eastern Europe and the Middle East. Main conclusions This study shows that the demographic response of populations to Pleistocene climatic oscillations depended on their geographical location, offering an example of population‐level variations in the effects and long‐term consequences of climate change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting population‐level responses to Pleistocene climatic oscillations in an alpine bat revealed by complete mitochondrial genomes and evolutionary history inference

Alberdi

Gilbert

Razgour

et al. 2015

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Most of them believe that during glacial stages climatic conditions were drier and colder than today. Compared to today, an increased rainfall is supposed during the Pleistocene or Lower Holocene wet phases (Kehl, 2009). For our study area, no similar information is available, and further dating studies are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polygenetic saline gypsiferous soils of the Bam region, Southeast Iran

Moghiseh

Heidari

2012

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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Gypsiferous and saline soils are among the major soils of arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Although numerous studies on salic, gypsic and petrogypsic horizons have been carried out, the co-occurrence of gypsum and halite and their morphological expression are still poorly documented. Eight pedons located on a co-alluvial fan (Bam area, southeast Iran) were described, sampled and analyzed for physicochemical and micromorphological characteristics based on standard methods. The highest amounts of gypsum (≈ 60 %) comprising xenotopic gypsum and/or fibrous bassanite pseudomorph remaining behind after xenotopic gypsum dehydration were determined in the surface crust and in the underlying 2Byz horizon. At a depth of 15 cm, a horizon cemented by gypsum and halite was observed. The highest amount of gypsum was determined at the upper part of this horizon followed by a sharp decreasing trend towards the lower depth. The amount of halite increases with increasing depth towards the bottom of 3Byzm horizon. Deeper, in the 5Byz horizon the quantity of gypsum increases drastically and coarse elongated gypsum pendants dominate. Micromorphological observations demonstrate that the dominant cementing agent is halite rather than gypsum. However, due to inexistence of petrosalic diagnostic horizon in Keys to Soil Taxonomy, these soils are to be classified as Petrogypsic Haplosalids at subgroup level in Soil Taxonomy. In WRB Taxonomy, they are classified as Petrosalic Solonchaks. Co-occurrence of gypsum and halite in the same horizon, their specific layering and vertical distribution patterns in the studied pedons might be considered as indicators for polygenetic soils in this area.

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“…Evidence of Pleistocene and Holocene climate fl uctuations in Iran is based on several sources, such as lake sediment (e.g., van Zeist and Wright, 1963;Djamali et al, 2008), glacial moraines (e.g., Kuhle, 2008;Kehl, 2009), alluvial sediments (Vita-Finzi, 1969), and fl uvial and marine terraces (Degens and Paluska, 1979;Regard et al, 2006). The present climate of Makran is arid to semi-arid with a mean annual precipitation of 113 mm/a.…”

Section: Climate Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is further enhanced by the mountain ranges in the north (Alborz) and southwest (Zagros), which prevent northwesterly and westerly depressions from the Caspian and Mediterranean Seas from entering the Iranian Plateau (Kehl, 2009). Two main sources of monsoon winds, the summer and winter monsoons, govern the modern climate around the Arabian Sea (Fig.…”

Section: Climate Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of fluvial terraces and temporal steady-state incision on the onshore Makran accretionary wedge in southeastern Iran: Insight from channel profiles and 10Be exposure dating of strath terraces

Haghipour

Burg

Ivy‐Ochs

et al. 2014

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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We describe and summarize the geomorphology of fl uvial terraces along the four major rivers draining the central, onshore Makran accretionary wedge in Iran, and describe uplifted marine terraces on the coast of this region. Thirty-fi ve strath terraces at different sites were dated using in situproduced cosmogenic 10 Be concentrations from surfaces and depth profi les. These new measurements reveal abandonment ages between ca. 15 and 380 ka. The age distribution allows determining the chronology of terrace levels and establishing regional correlations between two major regional levels. The geographically widespread correspondence suggests that these two levels result from a regional, climatically driven force. Systematic dating also provides evidence for time and spatial variations in incision rate, which enables distinguishing between a regionally uniform incision rate of 0.3-0.4 mm/a and higher local incision and/or uplift (~0.8 mm/a) rates. These spatial changes are consistent with where localized tectonic activity is recognized in the fi eld. We also dated, using 14 C in shells, four uplifted marine terraces on the coast of the study area. Comparing incision rates derived from strath terraces (0.3 mm/a) with published uplift estimates from marine terraces (0.2 mm/a) reveals that fl uvial rivers responded to a regional, long-term incision and surface uplift pattern. This rate refl ects the tectonically steady state of the wedge on a regional scale. Locally high incision rates delineate active faults and folds, indicating that perfect steady state is unlikely on short length scales.

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Quaternary climate change in Iran – the state of knowledge

Cited by 127 publications

References 74 publications

Contrasting population‐level responses to Pleistocene climatic oscillations in an alpine bat revealed by complete mitochondrial genomes and evolutionary history inference

Contrasting population‐level responses to Pleistocene climatic oscillations in an alpine bat revealed by complete mitochondrial genomes and evolutionary history inference

Polygenetic saline gypsiferous soils of the Bam region, Southeast Iran

Correlation of fluvial terraces and temporal steady-state incision on the onshore Makran accretionary wedge in southeastern Iran: Insight from channel profiles and 10Be exposure dating of strath terraces

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