Quaternary Geologic Map of Connecticut and Long Island Sound Basin

Stone, Janet Radway; Schafer, J.P.; London, Elizabeth Haley; DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary; Lewis, Reed S.; Thompson, Woodrow B

doi:10.3133/sim2784

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1), where glacial sediments from the Wisconsinan glaciation overlie the bedrock of the northern Appalachian Mountains (Stone et al, 2005). The lithology and texture of glacial deposits are diverse, although clasts of local metamorphic bedrock and loamy gravels are abundant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties

Hirsch

Raab

Ouimet

et al. 2017

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Historic charcoal hearth remains provide a unique archive of the long-term interaction between biochar, soil development, and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for production of iron in iron works, and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe and in the eastern united States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter and consist of several-decimeter-thick layers that contain charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them with the surrounding "natural" soils in the northern Appalachians of northwestern Connecticut. The thickness of the topsoils on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content are remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties

Hirsch

Raab

Ouimet

et al. 2017

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…Relative sea level in central Long Island Sound (Stone et al 2005), like that at the Narrows, reached its minimum between 12 and 13 kyr BP, rose rapidly around 12 kyr BP, when eustatic rise outpaced uplift, and leveled out between 11.5 and 9.5 kyr BP, when rebound balanced eustatic rise. The Connecticut River deposited a large marine delta in Long Island Sound at a sea level of −40 m (Lewis & Stone 1991).…”

Section: Late Wisconsinan Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Connecticut River deposited a large marine delta in Long Island Sound at a sea level of −40 m (Lewis & Stone 1991). This delta represents incision of glacial Lake Hitchcock deposits accomplished between 13.5 and 9.5 kyr BP, as dated by the Connecticut Valley varve chronology (Ridge 2003, 2004) and by radiocarbon dates of stream terraces along the Connecticut River (Stone & Ashley 1995; Stone et al 2005). The delta marks an extended period of quasi‐stable relative sea level and is consistent with the 11.5–9.5 kyr BP sea‐level plateau in Long Island Sound.…”

Section: Late Wisconsinan Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision

Stanford¹

2009

Boreas

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Stanford, S. D. 2009: Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00106.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Fluvial and glacial deposits in New Jersey, Long Island, and the Hudson valley provide a record of Hudson River drainage since the late Miocene. Late Miocene fluvial deposits record southerly flow across the emerged inner New Jersey shelf. In the late Miocene–early Pliocene this drainage incised, shifted southwesterly, and discharged to the shelf south of New Jersey. During late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene glaciation, discharge to the shelf in the New York City area was established. This drainage incised and stabilized in the Early and Middle Pleistocene and remained open during pre‐Wisconsinan (Oxygen Isotope Stage 6? (OIS‐6?)) and late Wisconsinan (OIS‐2) glacial advances. During late Wisconsinan retreat, moraine deposits dammed the valley at the Narrows to form Lake Albany. From 19 to 15.5 kyr BP (all dates in 14C yr), Hudson drainage was directed eastward into the Long Island Sound lowland. Drainage of Lake Wallkill into Lake Albany at 15.5 kyr BP breached the Narrows dam and initiated the unstable phase of Lake Albany, which was controlled by eroding spillways, first on the moraine dam, then on emerged lake‐bottom in the mid‐Hudson valley. Marine incursion between 12 and 11 kyr BP limited fluvial incision of the lake bottom, stabilizing the Quaker Springs, Coveville, and upper Fort Ann spillways. Lowering sea level between 11 and 10 kyr BP allowed incision from the upper to lower Fort Ann threshold. Sediment eroded by lake outflows between 15 and 10.5 kyr BP was trapped in the glacially deepened lower valley. Little inland sediment reached the shelf after 20 kyr BP.

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“…The time at which the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached its maximum extent and subsequently retreated remains uncertain. Most ages related to last glacial maximum ice extent come from nonglacial sediments either below or above late Wisconsinan till and therefore provide at best a bracketing chronology (Fullerton, 1986; Stone and Borns, 1986; Stone et al, 2005). The North American varve chronology (Ridge et al, 2012) further constrains Laurentide Ice Sheet history; ice margin positions are inferred indirectly using sedimentation patterns in glacial lakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmogenic nuclide age estimate for Laurentide Ice Sheet recession from the terminal moraine, New Jersey, USA, and constraints on latest Pleistocene ice sheet history

et al. 2017

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The time at which the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached its maximum extent and subsequently retreated from its terminal moraine in New Jersey has been constrained by bracketing radiocarbon ages on preglacial and postglacial sediments. Here, we present measurements of in situ produced 10Be and 26Al in 16 quartz-bearing samples collected from bedrock outcrops and glacial erratics just north of the terminal moraine in north-central New Jersey; as such, our ages represent a minimum limit on the timing of ice recession from the moraine. The data set includes field and laboratory replicates, as well as replication of the entire data set five years after initial measurement. We find that recession of the Laurentide Ice Sheet from the terminal moraine in New Jersey began before 25.2±2.1 ka (10Be, n=16, average, 1 standard deviation). This cosmogenic nuclide exposure age is consistent with existing limiting radiocarbon ages in the study area and cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages from the terminal moraine on Martha’s Vineyard ~300 km to the northeast. The age we propose for Laurentide Ice Sheet retreat from the New Jersey terminal position is broadly consistent with regional and global climate records of the last glacial maximum termination and records of fluvial incision.

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Quaternary Geologic Map of Connecticut and Long Island Sound Basin

Cited by 46 publications

References 32 publications

Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties

Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties

Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision

Cosmogenic nuclide age estimate for Laurentide Ice Sheet recession from the terminal moraine, New Jersey, USA, and constraints on latest Pleistocene ice sheet history

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