Quaternized chitosan-based anion exchange membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

Ryu, Jeongkwan; Seo, Jung Yong; Choi, Bit Na; Kim, Woo Jae; Chung, Chan‐Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2019.01.033

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…But too much PUB also brings harmful influence on mechanical properties due to the higher hydrophilic property of PUB and the decreased compatibility. The TS of the CS/PAADDA/PUB membrane is close to the pristine CS membrane (24.17 MPa), the CS/RCD membrane (27.63 MPa), the QA sIPN‐70/30 membrane (21.2 MPa), the QAPPO/xPEG‐PAGE (SIPN‐60‐1) membrane (30.8 MPa), the PVP‐based SIPNs‐60 membrane (28.1 MPa), the QPS/PPO sIPN‐75/20 membrane (24.6 MPa), the QPIENPC membrane (22.39 MPa), the QPVA/KOH2 membrane (24.4 MPa), and is higher than Semi‐IPN QCS/PS (38% PS; 17.5 MPa), the QBAPB/PVA membrane (18.3MPa), the PVA/PDDA membrane (15.3 MPa), the QHPEEK1.30 membrane (17.0 MPa), and the crosslinked polynorbornene membrane (15.18 MPa) . The results show the CS/PAADDA/PUB membrane has great prospects since the film could be well used in the process of actual application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This result shows that both Grotthuss mechanism and vehicle mechanism co-exist during the conductive process, but the former occupies the dominant position. 59 σ OH − values of the CS serials membranes at high temperature are close to those of the F20%-P-K membrane (0.02 SÁcm −1 at 70 C), 60 the quaternized poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan nanoparticle membrane (90/10; 0.0264 SÁcm −1 at 60 C), 61 the QCS/bi-imidazolium-based ionic liquid (15%) membrane (0.0419 SÁcm −1 at 80 C), 62 and are higher than those of the QPIENPC membrane (0.01015 S cm −1 at 80 C), 23 membrane (0.015 S cm −1 at 80 C), 63 the PVA-PY-DLx membranes (0.0105-0.0274 S cm −1 at 70 C), 54 but are beneath those of the PAEK-MmOH-30 membrane (0.0744 S cm −1 at 80 C), 64 the BQH-1.64 membrane (0.0728 S cm −1 at 80 C), 39 the quaternized poly (benzimidazole imide)/poly (vinyl imidazole)/poly (vinyl benzyl chloride) membrane (0.117 S cm −1 at 80 C). 65 Therefore, although the CTS/PAADDA/PUB membrane has many advantages such as low manufacturing cost, ease of preparation, stable and good performance, it also needs to be investigated more deeply to further improve its OH − conductivity.…”

Section: The Effect Of the Temperature On Oh − Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the pristine CS membrane shows a certain ability to conduct ions, its conductivity value is too low to support the effective operation of alkaline fuel cells (AFC), so it is necessary to carry out quaternarization modification and many researchers have made lots of exploration in this area . Ryu et al synthesized a quaternized CS‐based membrane with 4‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde and 1‐vinylimidzaole. The resulting membrane showed high conductivity up to 1.015 × 10 −2 S cm −1 at 80°C and exhibited a power density of 1.042 × 10 −2 W cm −2 in an alkaline direct methanol fuel cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of a novel PUB enhanced semi‐interpenetrating chitosan‐based anion exchange membrane

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary A novel OH− conducting membrane containing chitosan (CS), poly‐(acrylamide‐co‐diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PAADDA) and linear structured poly‐bis (2‐chloroethyl) ether‐1,3‐bis [3‐(dimethylamino)propyl] urea copolymer (PUB) was synthesized via a solution‐casting method and subsequently modified by hot treatment and chemical cross‐linking. The structural characterizations of scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out, showing that CS, PAADDA, and PUB formed a compact interpenetrating polymer network structure without apparent phase separation phenomenon under the help of cross‐linking. By changing the content of PUB in the membrane, the application performance such as mechanical properties, thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis, water uptake (WU), OH− conductivity ( σOH−) and ion exchange capacity (IEC) were investigated to evaluate the feasibility for alkaline membrane fuel cells. The maximum OH− conductivity could be reached up to 3.12 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 80°C in a mass ratio of CS/PAADDA/PUB (1:0.5:0.5) while a good tensile strength of 22.73 MPa and an excellent elongation at break of 23.55% could be obtained in a mass ratio of CS/PAADDA/PUB (1:0.5:0.25). Furthermore, the membrane also exhibited relatively high oxidative stability as well as excellent alkaline resistance stability, when conditioned in 30% H2O2 solution at ambient temperature for 120 hours and 8 M KOH solution at 60°C for 320 hours, respectively. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) achieved a peak power density of 38.1 mW cm−2 at the maximum current density of 73.2 mA cm−2 in a H2/O2 system at room temperature. PUB was successfully introduced into the CS‐based membrane to improve the conductivity. Maximum OH− conductivity reached 0.016 S cm−1 at room temperature. Tensile strength of the prepared membrane could reach up to 22.73 MPa. The prepared membrane exhibited an excellent elongation at break of 23.55%. The membrane showed good oxidative stability and excellent alkaline resistance stability.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: The Effect Of the Temperature On Oh − Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of a novel PUB enhanced semi‐interpenetrating chitosan‐based anion exchange membrane

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ryu et al [185] showed that as quaternized CS underwent some modifications, producing a novel quaternized anion-exchange membrane, the conductivity and mechanical strength of the composite membrane have been improved relative to that of pristine CS membrane. The quaternized CS was modified with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde derivative, producing quaternized poly [O-(2-imidazolyethylene)-N-picolylchitosan (QPIENPC), which was then copolymerized with 1-vinylimidazole.…”

Section: Quaternizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Rosli

Loh

Wong

et al. 2020

IJMS

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perfluorosulphonic acid-based membranes such as Nafion are widely used in fuel cell applications. However, these membranes have several drawbacks, including high expense, non-eco-friendliness, and low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. Biopolymer-based membranes, such as chitosan (CS), cellulose, and carrageenan, are popular. They have been introduced and are being studied as alternative materials for enhancing fuel cell performance, because they are environmentally friendly and economical. Modifications that will enhance the proton conductivity of biopolymer-based membranes have been performed. Ionic liquids, which are good electrolytes, are studied for their potential to improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of fuel cell applications. This review summarizes the development and evolution of CS biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids in fuel cell applications over the past decade. It also focuses on the improved performances of fuel cell applications using biopolymer-based membranes and ionic liquids as promising clean energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 2 of 52 used to exchange protons from the anode to the cathode [1]. PEMFCs are light, highly efficient, and compact. They operate at relatively low temperatures (≈80 • C), have high power density, and are suitable for various applications. Figure 1 shows that PEMFC consists of various important elements, namely, bipolar plates, diffusion layers, electrodes (anode and cathode), and an electrolyte. The core of a PEMFC is a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) placed between two electrodes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 53 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 632 3 of 52Polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS) and cellulose, are among the best natural polymer materials because of their abundance in the environment. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit), which is produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS has high water affinity properties as there is the presence of three different polar functional groups, which are hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and C-O-C groups. CS has a structure that is very similar to cellulose, but the difference among them is that CS contains amine groups and its structure is characterized by its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation, where its solubility is depended on [7].CS has rigid structure and high crystallinity as there are three hydrogen atoms strongly bonded between the amino and hydroxyl groups within the CS monomers, due to the immobilized structure, which leads to its proton conduction limitation. Moreover, CS has attractive physicochemical properties in aqueous solution due to its polycationic nature and this leads to wide range of biological purposes such as antimicrobial activity and disease resistance activities in plants [8]. CS membranes are one of the most preferable and favorable materials to re...

show abstract

“…AEMs consist of a polymer backbone and functional cations as well as mobile anions. In recent decades, the reported polymer backbone materials for AEMs mainly include polyolefin [12,13], polyvinyl alcohol [14], chitosan [15], poly(aryl ether)s [16][17][18], polyfluorene [19], polybenzimidazole [20], poly(aryleneimidazoliums) [21], poly(ether imide) [22], Tröger's base polymer [23,24], polyarylalkyl [25,26], etc. Functional cations mainly include quaternary ammonium [27][28][29], imidazole [30,31], quaternary phosphonium [32,33], tertiary sulfonium [34], guanidine [35], metal-based cations [36,37], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(aryl ether nitrile)s containing flexible side-chain-type quaternary phosphonium cations as anion exchange membranes

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to effectively improve the properties of anion exchange membrane (AEM) materials, a series of novel poly(aryl ether nitrile)s with flexible side-chain-type quaternary phosphonium cations (PAEN-TPP-x) were designed and prepared on the basis of considering the influences of polymer backbone, cationic group species and the connection way between the cations and polymer chains. The synthetic method, structure and ion-exchange capacity, water absorption, swelling, hydroxide conductivity and alkaline stability of the obtained AEMs were studied. A comparative study with other reported AEMs was also performed for further exploration of the relationship between the structure and properties. These AEMs with flexible side-chain-type quaternary phosphonium cations displayed good comprehensive properties. Their water uptakes and swelling ratios were in the range of 11.6%-22.7% and 4.4%-7.8% at 60°C, respectively. They had hydroxide conductivity in the range of 28.6-45.8 mS cm -1 at 60°C. Moreover, these AEMs also exhibited improved alkaline stability, and the hydroxide conductivity for PAEN-TPP-0.35 could remain 82.1% and 80.6% of its initial value at 60 and 90°C in 2 mol L −1 NaOH solution for 480 h, respectively.

show abstract

Quaternized chitosan-based anion exchange membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Application of a novel PUB enhanced semi‐interpenetrating chitosan‐based anion exchange membrane

Application of a novel PUB enhanced semi‐interpenetrating chitosan‐based anion exchange membrane

Review of Chitosan-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Roles of Chitosan-Supported Ionic Liquids

Poly(aryl ether nitrile)s containing flexible side-chain-type quaternary phosphonium cations as anion exchange membranes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About