Key words Existentially closed difference field, ordered field, valued field, lattice-ordered ring. MSC (2010) 03C60, 12H10, 12J10, 12J15, 13J25We describe classes of existentially closed ordered difference fields and rings. We show an Ax-Kochen type result for a class of valued ordered difference fields.
Existentially closed real-closed difference fieldsIn the first part of this paper we will consider on one hand totally ordered difference fields (a difference field is a field with a distinguished automorphism σ) and on the other hand preordered difference fields.By a well-known theorem of A. Tarski, the theory RCF of real-closed fields is the model-companion of the theory of totally ordered fields and a direct consequence of results of H. Kikyo and S. Shelah is that the theory of real-closed totally ordered difference fields, RCF σ , does not have a model-companion (see [17]).Note that in a difference field (K, σ) one has automatically a pair of fields, namely (K, Fix(σ)), where Fix(σ) denotes the subfield of elements of K fixed by σ, and if K is real-closed, then so is Fix(σ). W. Baur showed that the theory of all pairs of real-closed fields (K, L) with a predicate for a subfield is undecidable ([1]). However, he also showed that, adding to the language of ordered rings a new function symbol for a valuation v, the theory of the pairs (K, L) such that v is convex, the residue field of L is dense in the residue field of K and each finitedimensional L-vector space of K has a basis a 1 , . . . , a n satisfying v(First, we describe a class of existentially closed totally ordered difference fields (even though it is not an elementary class). We also consider the case of a proper preordering, using former results of A. Prestel and L. van den Dries (see Section 1.3).Then we consider valued totally-ordered fields and we assume on one hand that σ is strictly increasing on the set of elements of strictly positive valuation and on the other hand that in the pair (K, Fix(σ)) the residue field of K and the residue field of Fix(σ) coincide (and so we are trivially in the Baur setting).We proceed as for the case of valued difference fields with an ω-increasing automorphism treated by E. Hrushovski ([6]) and we show an Ax-Kochen-Ersov type result.In the second part, we consider commutative von Neumann regular lattice-ordered rings with a distinguished automorphism σ which fixes the set of the maximal -ideals and we use transfer results due to S. Burris and H. Werner ([4]) in certain Boolean products in order to describe the class of existentially closed such latticeordered rings.In [15], we showed certain undecidability results for Bezout difference rings. One of the consequences was that any commutative lattice-ordered ring with a distinguished automorphism σ with an infinite orbit on the set of its maximal -ideals has an undecidable theory, whenever the subring fixed by σ is an infinite field ([15, Corollary 8.1]). On the positive side, we also showed that the theory of von Neumann regular commutative f -rings with a pseudo...