Quench Protection of the First 4-m-Long Prototype of the HL-LHC Nb&lt;inline-formula&gt;
                     &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$_3$&lt;/tex-math&gt;
                  &lt;/inline-formula&gt;Sn Quadrupole Magnet

Ravaioli, Emmanuele; Ambrosio, G.; Bortot, Lorenzo; Ferracin, P.; Bermúdez, Susana Izquierdo; Joshi, P.; Maciejewski, M.; Marinozzi, Vittorio; Mentink, Matthias; Muratore, J.; Rodriguez-Mateos, F.; Sabbi, G.; Todesco, E.; Verweij, Arjan

doi:10.1109/tasc.2019.2896907

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The protection strategy has been validated on short models without energy extraction [88], and on US prototypes with energy extraction [97]. It was found that, in agreement with simulations, the simultaneous use of CLIQ and quench heaters gives a quench load (integral of square of current over time, from quench detection) of 27-29 MIITs at current ranging between nominal and ultimate (see figure 27).…”

Section: Design Validation Via Power Tests: Protectionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The High Luminosity LHC interaction region magnets towards series production

Todesco

Bajas

Bajko

et al. 2021

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is the new flagship project of CERN. First endorsed in 2013 and approved in 2016, HL-LHC is an upgrade of the accelerator aiming to increase by a factor of ten the statistics of the LHC collisions at the horizon of 2035-2040. HL-LHC relies on cutting edge technologies: among them, large aperture superconducting magnets will replace the present hardware to allow a smaller beam size in two interaction points (IPs). The project involves the construction of about 150 magnets of six different types: the quadrupole triplet, two main dipoles and three orbit correctors. The triplet, manufactured at CERN and in the USA, will consist of 30 magnets based on Nb 3 Sn technology, with an Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

show abstract

Section: Design Validation Via Power Tests: Protectionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The High Luminosity LHC interaction region magnets towards series production

Todesco

Bajas

Bajko

et al. 2021

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If we use the convention of current direction for the CLIQ and magnet circuits as shown in Fig. 2(b), we can derive and build CLIQ configurations for maximizing the CLIQ effectiveness according to the CLIQ theory in [11], [12], [13], [14]. For the R2D2 magnet, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Cliq Design Methods and Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLIQ Protection Design for the Graded Nb$_{3}$Sn Research Racetrack Dipole Demonstrator (R2D2)

Liu

Salmi

Calvelli

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Research Racetrack Dipole Demonstrator (R2D2) is being studied as a demonstrating magnet for future FCC magnets. The R2D2 is meant to prove the feasibility of grading in block-coil Nb 3 Sn dipoles and explore quench behaviors at a very high current. This short model provides an opportunity to study quench protection concepts which will be needed for the full-scale FCC magnets. Both quench heaters and CLIQ (coupling loss induced quench) are under study. This paper presents the research work on the CLIQ protection. The work includes CLIQ design methods and configurations, and comparative studies of various CLIQ configurations for maximizing the CLIQ effectiveness. The results show that the most effective CLIQ configuration is able to quench 80% of the coil turns at the nominal current within 3 ms, leaving 20 ms for detection and validation time while keeping the maximum hotspot temperature within 350 K. The study shows that protection of R2D2 using only CLIQ may be feasible under certain assumptions.

show abstract

Quench Protection Studies for the High Luminosity LHC Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole Magnets

Ravaioli

Ambrosio

Bajas

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Achieving the targets of the High Luminosity LHC project requires the installation of new inner triplet magnet circuits for the final focusing of the particle beams on each side of the two main interaction points. Each of the four circuits will include six 150 mm aperture, 132.2 T/m gradient, Nb3Sn quadrupole magnets to be installed in the LHC tunnel. The recently updated circuit topology is such that the protection of each magnet can be studied from a single magnet point-of-view. To limit the hot-spot temperature and the peak voltage-to-ground, a protection system was designed that quickly and reliably transfers voluminous parts of the coil to the normal-conducting state, hence distributing more homogeneously the magnets stored energy in the windings. This system is based on two elements: quench heaters attached to the outer layers of the magnet coils and CLIQ (Coupling-Loss Induced Quench). The performance of the protection system is investigated by simulating the electro-magnetic and thermal transients occurring after a quench with the program STEAM-LEDET, and by conducting dedicated experiments at the CERN and FNAL magnet test facilities. The effectiveness of the quench protection system is assessed at all representative operating current levels. Furthermore, the coils hot-spot temperature and peak voltage to ground are analyzed for various failure cases, conductor parameters, and parameter distribution among the four coils. It is concluded that the proposed design assures an effective, reliable, and fully redundant quench protection system.

show abstract

Quench Protection of the First 4-m-Long Prototype of the HL-LHC Nb<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_3$</tex-math> </inline-formula>Sn Quadrupole Magnet

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

The High Luminosity LHC interaction region magnets towards series production

The High Luminosity LHC interaction region magnets towards series production

CLIQ Protection Design for the Graded Nb$_{3}$Sn Research Racetrack Dipole Demonstrator (R2D2)

Quench Protection Studies for the High Luminosity LHC Nb$_3$Sn Quadrupole Magnets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About