Questioning ZnO, Ag, and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents for textiles: Do they guarantee total protection against bacteria and SARS-CoV-2?

Enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of biogenic ZnO nanoparticles through UV-B activation: A novel approach for textile garment

“…In this sense, metal oxide nanoparticles have been generating great interest in the scientific community because they are considered non-toxic and of low cost, besides being versatile to be designed in various types of nanostructures, not being alien to the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) [ 1 , 2 ], where diversity of applications are being explored due to their photocatalytic properties, in photo-electronics, photovoltaic cells and sensors [ 3 ], besides being biodegradable and having the capacity to be absorbed by the body because they can be dissolved in ions, becoming elements applied to the nutritional cycle, as well as being applied in in-vivo bio-detection, although there are still many questions to address and investigate about biodegradability and the consequences on the nutritional cycle [ 4 ]. Thus, and considering the intrahospital contamination at the level of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, research is being carried out on the application of ZnO NPs in different formats, being textile impregnation the most developed because they would prevent the transmission of dangerous pathogens that remain on textile surfaces for long periods [ 5 ]. On the other hand, it is important to consider the method of synthesis of nanomaterials since the management of morphology, size, and colloidal mono-dispersity will depend on it, and from this, new properties will be obtained.…”

Zinc Oxide and Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis

“…Nearly 1800 commercial healthcare nanomaterial products like skin creams and band-aids are already available on the market [ 18 , 19 ]. To date, tremendous techniques have been employed for preparing nanomaterials [ 20 , 21 ]. Chemical techniques, in particular, are scalable, affordable, and controllable options.…”

Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Polyester, Polylactide, and Cotton Nonwovens and Fabrics, by Means of Stable Aqueous Dispersions Containing Copper Silicate and Some Metal Oxides

“…Recently, cotton fabrics modified with Ag, ZnO, and Ag/ZnO NPs were developed, and their bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , photocatalytic activity, and antiviral activity against Delta SARS-CoV-2 were tested. These fabrics showed antimicrobial properties against both bacteria, but they reduced only part of the SARS-CoV-2 virions during the first 15 min of direct contact and caused damage only to the biological structures on the viral surface particle, while the viral RNA remained intact [ 64 ].…”