Quick and easy preparation method for decoctions of kampo formula (part 3): <scp>E</scp>xtraction efficiency of the <scp>IPCD</scp> method for volatile compounds

Fueki, Tsukasa; Sumino, Megumi; Makino, Toshiaki; Matsuoka, Toshimasa; Beppu, Masatoshi; Tanaka, Kōichiro; Namiki, Takao

doi:10.1002/tkm2.1044

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Based on this practical finding, he concluded that PT should not be processed because the toxicity of PT would disappear by proper preparation of the decoction. Indeed, the irritant taste of PT disappears when PT is decocted in boiling water for approximately 30 min in our previous study ( Fueki et al, 2016 ). Ippondo-yakusen also estimated the effectiveness of the processing of the root of Angelica acutiloba and the rhizome of Rheum palmatum negatively ( Kagawa, 1738 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A previous study indicated that this strong irritation has been attributed to the needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate, called raphides. Indeed, these raphides have been considered as the possible toxic substances of raw PT ( Fueki et al, 2016 ). As a result, the processing methods of raw PT for detoxification have been developed in TCM, although the mechanisms of raw PT-induced toxicity are still not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical Study for the Differences of Processing of Pinellia ternata Tuber Between China and Japan

et al. 2022

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Pinellia Tuber (the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino [Araceae]) (PT) is a crude drug used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Japanese Kampo medicine. PT is subjected to additional processing before use in TCM because of its toxic, while the processing has not been used in Kampo medicine. The aim of this study is to clarify the reason why the differences about the processing of PT between TCM and Kampo medicine have been appeared. We investigated successive literatures published in China and in Japan from the Han dynasty to the modern age. The descriptions about the processing of PT in China had appeared since the Later Han dynasty as washing, and after that, various processing methods have been recorded, such as boiling, steaming, making cakes, and fermenting to prepare PT malt (PTM) with various drug additives. The objective of the processing for PT was not only to remove its toxicity but to change drug properties, and several kinds of processed PT had been developed to treat different types of “phlegm” in the Ming dynasty. The current Chinese Pharmacopoeia recommends the use of processed PT to avoid the toxicity, and registers unprocessed PT as well as three kinds of processed PT except for PTM which had been deleted in 2015 edition. These processing methods for PT have been established in the Qing dynasty. The oldest description in Japan was appeared in 1363, and the processing methods had been influenced by the literatures in the Song dynasty. After that, the processed PT in Japan had mainly been PTM until the 18th century. In 1738, Shuan Kagawa wrote that PT should not be processed because its pharmacological effects disappeared and the toxicity of PT disappeared by preparing its decoction without processing. Then, the processing of PT has been unpopular, and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia has registered PT since 1939 without any processing. Compared to TCM, Japanese Kampo medicine has tended to avoid ideologism based on traditional knowledge and to adopt positivism. This policy has reflected the differences in the processing of PT between Kampo medicine and TCM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Study for the Differences of Processing of Pinellia ternata Tuber Between China and Japan

et al. 2022

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“…The IPCD method of decoction preparation has been previously described [ 4 – 6 ]. Each crude drug (approximately 40 g) was milled once for 1 min in an electric tabletop mill (Y-308B, Yamamoto Denki, Fukushima, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the conventional and immersing powdered crude drugs (IPCD) methods for color and extraction of quantitative indicator ingredients in the Kampo formula decoction of daiokanzoto

Naruhashi,

Amaike,

Shiraishi

et al. 2023

J Pharm Health Care Sci

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Aim The immersing powdered crude drugs (IPCD) method is a quick and simple method for preparing decoctions. Here, the conventional and IPCD methods were compared for the color and extraction of quantitative indicator ingredients in the daiokanzoto decoction solution, and the suitability of the IPCD method was assessed. Methods The color of decoction solutions was visually observed, and the Commission Internationale de L’éclairage (CIE) L*a*b*color parameters were measured using conventional and IPCD methods. The extracted amounts of sennoside A and glycyrrhizic acid, which are quantitative indicator ingredients of rhubarb and glycyrrhiza, respectively, were quantified. Results Using both methods, the decoction solution colors were strong for rhubarb alone and daiokanzoto but weak for glycyrrhiza alone. The color change of daiokanzoto was thought to be primarily caused by rhubarb alone. The L*a*b* values of the decoction solution determined by the IPCD method were comparable to those determined by the conventional method (60 min). Using the conventional method, sennoside A and glycyrrhizic acid were mostly extracted in 10 and 30 min, respectively. Using the IPCD method, both sennoside A and glycyrrhizic acid were fully extracted in 2 min. The IPCD method yielded significantly more sennoside A and glycyrrhizic acid (2 times and 1.5 times, respectively) than the conventional method (60 min). Conclusion The IPCD method was found to be comparable to the conventional method in terms of the color, and using IPCD method, the same or greater amounts of quantitative indicator ingredients of crude drugs in the decoction of daiokanzoto compared to the conventional method. It was suggested that there are limitations to assessing the equivalence of decoctions from decoction color. The IPCD method may be a useful method although it is prudent to use the IPCD method for Kampo formula decoction in clinical practice with a certain degree of caution.

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“…The next step consisted of collecting spectroscopic data for red clover infusion and decoction preparations. Because both infusion and decoction utilize hot water, thermally labile compounds in the plant were expected to be affected by the high temperature during preparation (Fueki et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2018), generating derivatives or products of decomposition (Sun et al, 2018). We observed a number of quantitative differences between infusion and decoction preparations using 1 H NMR and UHPLC-UV.…”

Section: Characterization Of Infusion and Decoctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the isoflavone metabolome of traditional preparations of Trifolium pratense L.

Malca-Garcia

Zagal

Graham

et al. 2019

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance-The flowering tops of Trifolium pratense L., popularly known as red clover, are used in ethnic Western and Traditional Chinese medicine, in a variety of preparations, including infusions, decoctions and tinctures. Red clover has been reported to be helpful for treatment of menopausal symptoms, premenstrual syndrome, mastalgia, high cholesterol, and other conditions.Aims of the study-The aims were to compare the chemical dynamics between traditional preparations of infusions, decoctions, and tinctures, as well as to identify the chemical variability over time in a traditional red clover tincture. For this purpose, eight isoflavone aglycones as well as two glucosides, ononin and sissotrin, were used as marker compounds.Materials and methods-Quantitative NMR (qHNMR), LC-MS-MS, and UHPLC-UV methods were used to identify and quantitate the major phenolic compounds found within each extract.Results-Infusions, decoctions and tinctures were shown to produce different chemical profiles. Biochanin A and formononetin were identified and quantified in infusion, decoction, and tinctures of red clover. Both infusion and decoction showed higher concentrations of isoflavonoid glucosides, such as ononin and sissotrin, than 45% ethanolic tinctures. Dynamic chemical *

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Quick and easy preparation method for decoctions of kampo formula (part 3): Extraction efficiency of the IPCD method for volatile compounds

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Historical Study for the Differences of Processing of Pinellia ternata Tuber Between China and Japan

Historical Study for the Differences of Processing of Pinellia ternata Tuber Between China and Japan

Comparison of the conventional and immersing powdered crude drugs (IPCD) methods for color and extraction of quantitative indicator ingredients in the Kampo formula decoction of daiokanzoto

Dynamics of the isoflavone metabolome of traditional preparations of Trifolium pratense L.

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