Quick COVID-19 Healers Sustain Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Production

Chen, Yuezhou; Zuiani, Adam; Fischinger, Stephanie; Mullur, Jyotsna; Atyeo, Caroline; Travers, Meghan; Lelis, Felipe J.N.; Pullen, Krista M.; Martin, Hannah; Tong, Pei; Gautam, Avneesh; Habibi, Shaghayegh; Bensko, Jillian C.; Gakpo, Deborah; Feldman, Jared; Hauser, Blake M.; Caradonna, Timothy M.; Cai, Yongfei; Burke, John S.; Lin, Junrui; Lederer, James A.; Lam, Evan C.; Lavine, Christy L.; Seaman, Michael S.; Chen, Bing; Schmidt, Aaron; Balazs, Alejandro B.; Lauffenburger, Douglas A.; Alter, Galit; Wesemann, Duane R.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.051

Cited by 200 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…One study demonstrated an important reduction in IgG over 8 weeks in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, with many patients becoming seronegative during the study period (40% asymptomatic, 12.9% symptomatic) (121). Such observations are also supported by a number of additional studies that also measured a decline of IgG antibodies after several weeks PSO (44,131). However, most groups have demonstrated that IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 remained relatively stable within a 3 to 5 month observation period PSO (43,124,(130)(131)(132)(133)(134)(135).…”

Section: Dynamics Of the Antibody-mediated Immune Response To Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 69%

Humoral Responses and Serological Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

et al. 2020

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In December 2019, the novel betacoronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Disease Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 has since become a pandemic virus resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths and deep socioeconomic implications worldwide. In recent months, efforts have been directed towards detecting, tracking, and better understanding human humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has become critical to develop robust and reliable serological assays to characterize the abundance, neutralization efficiency, and duration of antibodies in virus-exposed individuals. Here we review the latest knowledge on humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with the benefits and limitations of currently available commercial and laboratory-based serological assays. We also highlight important serological considerations, such as antibody expression levels, stability and neutralization dynamics, as well as cross-reactivity and possible immunological back-boosting by seasonal coronaviruses. The ability to accurately detect, measure and characterize the various antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 is necessary for vaccine development, manage risk and exposure for healthcare and at-risk workers, and for monitoring reinfections with genetic variants and new strains of the virus. Having a thorough understanding of the benefits and cautions of standardized serological testing at a community level remains critically important in the design and implementation of future vaccination campaigns, epidemiological models of immunity, and public health measures that rely heavily on up-to-date knowledge of transmission dynamics.

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Section: Dynamics Of the Antibody-mediated Immune Response To Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 69%

Humoral Responses and Serological Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

et al. 2020

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“…These results suggest that asymptomatically infected humans have weak immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and raise a critical issue of whether these individuals have protective immunity against a second infection. Together with recent studies demonstrating rapid decay of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convalescent COVID-19 patients (Chen et al, 2020b;Ibarrondo et al, 2020;Isho et al, 2020;Iyer et al, 2020;Kutsuna et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2020;Terpos et al, 2020), it is clear that potent COVID-19 vaccines are needed to elicit long lasting immune protection in the general population.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Fifth, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may not last long after COVID-19 recovery. Many studies have reported the decline of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convalescent COVID-19 patients (Chen et al, 2020b;Harvala et al, 2020;Ibarrondo et al, 2020;Isho et al, 2020;Iyer et al, 2020;Kutsuna et al, 2020;Ma et al, 2020;Terpos et al, 2020). Ma and colleagues showed that anti-RBD antibodies in most COVID-19 patients reduced significantly within 100 days after discharge and they further predicted that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies would disappear in 9 months (Ma et al, 2020).…”

Section: Humoral Responses To Sars-cov-2 Infection In Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seroreversion time (in contrast to seroconversion) for antigen-specific IgA and IgM was 71 and 49 days, respectively, while IgG decayed slowly over 3-4 months (Isho et al, 2020;Iyer et al, 2020). Interestingly, a small group of COVID-19 patients, who recovered rapidly from their symptoms, had stable or increasing antibody levels in the same time frame despite similar initial antibody levels (Chen et al, 2020b). These patients had increased T helper cell activity and enriched somatic mutations in virus-specific memory B cell antibody genes.…”

Section: Humoral Responses To Sars-cov-2 Infection In Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development?

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2020

Sci. China Life Sci.

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The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people and caused tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is lacking, and different therapeutic strategies are under testing. Host humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is a critical determinant for patients’ outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in seroconversion and production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The antibodies may suppress viral replication through neutralization but might also participate in COVID-19 pathogenesis through a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement. Rapid progress has been made in the research of antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients, including characterization of the clinical features of antibody responses in different populations infected by SARS-CoV-2, treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobin products, isolation and characterization of a large panel of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies and early clinical testing, as well as clinical results from several COVID-19 vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and discuss the implications of these findings in vaccine development.

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“…At a speed never seen so far, robust data accumulated regarding the complexity of antibodies made against SARS-CoV-2 moieties (the virus signature track) or by COVID-19 suffering patients, not necessarily overlapping. Indeed, while COVID-19 healers were proven to raise significant amounts of antibodies that do not vanish immediately and last for weeks and likely months [ 12 , 13 ], pathogenic antibodies were also made in parallel. These can bind to macrophages and cause acute lung injury [ 14 ], damage vascular endothelium leading to endotheliopathy [ 15 ] and possibly coagulopathy [ 16 ], and dampen antiviral natural defense when directed to type I interferons [ 17 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%