Quick energy assessment of irrigation water transport systems

Cabrera, Enrique; March, Roberto Del Teso; Gómez, Elena; Estruch-Juan, Elvira; Soriano, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.10.013

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…L is not an explanatory variable in Equations () and Equation (). This result is consistent with several energy assessments of irrigation water transport systems (Cabrera et al, 2019) and in agreement with hydraulic analyses showing that pumping consumption is moderately influenced by L , especially for lower values of Pr and E e (Figure 2). This means that the lower energy efficiency of water pumping offers a greater flexibility to large‐scale tenants practising intensive irrigated agriculture to significantly increase the length of their water transfer pipes to reach fertile cropping lands at minor additional cost (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The role of water and energy use in expanding the boundaries of irrigated agriculture in the Berrechid plain of Morocco

Ouassissou

Lacombe

Kuper

et al. 2022

Irrigation and Drainage

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Despite the attention given to the water-energy-food nexus, there is little field evidence of how this plays out for irrigators. This article analyses the diversity of irrigation system configurations and their related water and energy use in semi-arid Morocco, where groundwater-fed and pressurized drip irrigation, although supposedly thrifty, is energy intensive. The analysis relying on hydraulic calculations and multiple linear regressions was based on interviews, observations and measurements on irrigation systems in 25 farms. The results show that each farmer used between one and three pumps and up to two storage reservoirs to pump groundwater from up to 120 m deep borehole(s) and transfer it along a distance often exceeding 2 km to reach available fertile lands that are rented. Such distances had little effect on the system-wise energy consumption, varying between 4.62 and 4.88 kWh m À3 , although the recycled car engines powering these irrigation systems were largely inefficient, consuming on average 2.5 kWh m À3 . State subsidies encourage these water-intensive and energy-inefficient farming systems, increasing pressure on groundwater and land. These findings underline the importance of going beyond a strict nexus perspective, as expansion of the 'groundwater economy' is accompanied by conflicts over tenure and increasing inequalities in access to water that threaten the sustainability of irrigated agriculture.energy efficiency, groundwater, land tenure, semi-arid climate, water-energy-food nexus RésuméMalgré une attention croissante accordée au nexus eau-énergie-alimentation, peu de travaux ont montré comment il se traduit pour les irrigants. Cet article analyse la diversité des systèmes d'irrigation et comment ils influencent l'utilisation de l'eau et de l'énergie dans le Maroc semi-aride où l'irrigation Article title in French: Le rôle de l'utilisation de l'eau et de l'énergie dans l'expansion de l'agriculture irriguée dans la plaine de Berrechid au Maroc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The role of water and energy use in expanding the boundaries of irrigated agriculture in the Berrechid plain of Morocco

Ouassissou

Lacombe

Kuper

et al. 2022

Irrigation and Drainage

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“…This enables to characterize energy intensity accurately. In networks, with multiple delivery points, as the operation of the system must meet the needs of the critical point [3], more energy than required is delivered to the other consumption nodes. These excesses, a function of the irregularity of the terrain, are related to topographic energy [7].…”

Section: Concept Of Energy Diagnosis and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the topographic energy is an excess of energy that, due to the irregularity of the terrain, has to be over-delivered to the system. It is therefore, in a way, a loss to be avoided, as far as possible, at the design stage [3]. And if the system is operating, it has to be managed in the best possible way [7].…”

Section: Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this tool is to offer a series of indicators that make it easier to know the current status and, more importantly, to quantify the margin of improvement that these systems have. For this purpose, the energy diagnosis is carried out, depending on the type of system, classifying them as simple systems [3], networks [4] and multi-stage systems [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy diagnosis of pressurized water systems with the ENERGOS tool

Gómez,

Del Teso,

Cabrera

et al. 2022

Proceedings - 2nd International Join Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis (WDSA)& Computing and Control in the

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Although the transport of fluids by pipeline is the most efficient, it requires high energy consumption, due to the volume transferred and the pressure required. This is the consequence of transporting large volumes of water (sometimes over considerable distances) and having to deliver it at the required pressure. In the current context of climate change, with both resources becoming increasingly scarce, the only way to minimize their impact and control energy consumption is to improve efficiency, a process whose most relevant stages are the diagnosis, which identifies the starting point and the existing margin for savings, and the audit, which locates and quantifies inefficiencies. This paper presents a simple tool, ENERGOS, which allows to perform the first stage, the energy diagnosis of a pressurized water system. The objective of this diagnosis is to know the current state of the system, and more importantly, the possible margin for improvement, if any, from the introduction of very few data. This is the first step to improve the efficiency of the system. The tool, and the energy indicators presented in it, have been designed under the premise that only the minimum information, which any manager should know about his system, is required. That is, global volumes billed and injected, the most representative system levels and energy consumed by the pumps (available in the electricity bills). ENERGOS classifies the systems into three large groups, and performs the diagnosis according to the group. These are, firstly, the simple systems, defined as a pipeline, with one entry, generally, one pump, and one exit. Multi-scenario systems are systems with several inputs and outputs, and constant changes in their mode of operation, where each of these scenarios corresponds to a different layout. Finally, networks with one or more inputs and numerous outputs can operate differently, but without changing the layout. In all cases, the tool has a schematic, simple and intuitive data entry part, and from the data entered, it calculates the diagnosis, consisting of the comparison of the current energy intensity indicator (kWh/m3) with the ideal energy intensity, the one that would imply the total absence of losses, both operational (friction, water losses, inefficiencies in the pumping stations) and structural (losses due to topography). Since it is impossible to reach the ideal energy intensity value, an intermediate indicator, the target intensity, is defined. The calculation of this intensity requires the establishment of targets for losses, reasonable reference values to be achieved with the current technology for the system under analysis. For example, the current efficiency of the pumping station is estimated, and a minimum acceptable level is calculated for it (establishing values for the efficiency of the motor, the variator and the pump itself). The same is established for friction, water losses and excess pressure.

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“…De ahí el interés de relacionar la altura (en fluidos incompresibles como el agua proporcional a la presión), con la intensidad energética (kWh/m 3 ), I e , de idénticas unidades a la presión. La ecuación (1), (Cabrera et al, 2019), resume la relación:…”

Section: Consumo Energético Mínimo En Tuberías Simplesunclassified

El transporte de agua a presión y su certificación energética. La herramienta ENERGOS

Cabrera

Ortiz²,

Gómez

et al. 2023

ing.agua

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El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento energético de los sistemas de transporte de agua a presión simples, en los que una tubería trasiega agua desde el punto origen hasta el final. El objetivo del análisis es evaluar la eficiencia energética del sistema y, a partir de ella, formular una propuesta de certificación energética. Para ello, se calculan tres valores representativos del indicador intensidad energética Ie, (kWh/m3): la intensidad energética ideal Iei; la Intensidad energética real Ier, cociente entre la energía realmente consumida (kWh) y el volumen trasegado (m3) en idéntico periodo de tiempo, y, por último, la Intensidad energética objetivo, Ieo, valor de la energía unitaria suponiendo un funcionamiento real óptimo. El resultado del cociente Ier/Ieo sintetiza el margen de mejora del sistema y, por tanto, es el utilizado para calificar su eficiencia energética. El trabajo concluye con un ejemplo real que reproduce el procedimiento establecido.

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Quick energy assessment of irrigation water transport systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

The role of water and energy use in expanding the boundaries of irrigated agriculture in the Berrechid plain of Morocco

The role of water and energy use in expanding the boundaries of irrigated agriculture in the Berrechid plain of Morocco

Energy diagnosis of pressurized water systems with the ENERGOS tool

El transporte de agua a presión y su certificación energética. La herramienta ENERGOS

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