Quick Tree Decline: A New Problem of Macadamia in Hawaii

Oil, David H.; Ueunten, Gary R.; Yamaguchi, Alan M.; Nagao, Mike A.; Hara, A. H.; Nishijima, Wayne

doi:10.21273/hortsci.26.5.560

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Scolytines are the major pests of macadamia nut orchards in Hawaii, South and Central America (Beardsley 1990;Oi et al 1991;Jones et al 1992;Wood & Bright 1992) and the last few years have seen an increase in the number of detections of bark beetles in macadamia trees in all the major growing districts in eastern Australia. Scolytines are becoming increasingly problematic in Australian macadamia orchards, causing branch and tree death and could pose a problem for nut-in-shell exports and bud wood movements, prompting research into biosecurity and disinfestation strategies and the need for rapid and accurate diagnostics (Huwer & Maddox 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) of importance to the Australian macadamia industry: an integrative taxonomic approach to species diagnostics

Mitchell

Maddox²

2010

Australian Journal of Entomology

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Bark beetles are emerging as pests of macadamias, both in the native range of macadamias in Australia and worldwide wherever macadamias are cultivated. Multiple species have been detected on macadamias in Australia; however, little has been known about the identity of the species involved, other than that some belong to the genera Hypothenemus Westwood (1836) and Cryphalus Erichson (1836). Hypothenemus is a large and cosmopolitan genus, which contains two exotic species that are regulated pests for Australia: the tropical nut borer, Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius), is a pest of macadamias and Brazil nuts in the Americas and the Pacific, and the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is a pest of coffee found in coffee-growing areas worldwide, but not in Australia. It is essential that biosecurity authorities have reliable species diagnostic tools available in order to detect incursions of these species in Australia. However, the taxonomic literature on the relevant species is scattered and sparse, and the lack of molecular diagnostic methods means that identification of eggs and larvae has been impossible to date because the immature life stages are morphologically homogeneous. This study fills some crucial gaps in our ability to identify these species, developing diagnostic methods for the major pest species on macadamia in Australia, and for key exotic species, including both regulated pests. An integrative taxonomic approach was used incorporating both traditional morphological taxonomy and DNA barcode data in an iterative process to both identify beetles and develop robust diagnostics for them. DNA barcodes provide unambiguous discrimination of all species examined in this study, albeit a limited sample, and have the advantage that they can be used to identify all life stages of the species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius), H. seriatus (Eichhoff) and Cryptocarenus seriatus (Eggers) (Booth et al 1990;Oi et al 1991;Wood & Bright 1992;Bright & Skidmore 1997, Bright & Skidmore 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) of importance to the Australian macadamia industry: an integrative taxonomic approach to species diagnostics

Mitchell

Maddox²

2010

Australian Journal of Entomology

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“…Research has also indicated that commercial cultivars of M. integrifolia exhibit resistance to P. cinnamomi [6]. Among five macadamia cultivars (namely "HAES 816", "A16", "HAES 246", "HAES 344", and "HAES 741"), "HAES 344" was found to have the highest resistance to P. cinnamomi [62][63][64]. Despite the advantages, few resistant cultivars have been applied, since the process of breeding new cultivars typically requires 8-10 years using conventional breeding approaches [65].…”

Section: Resistant Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Macadamia Decline: A Review and Proposed Biological Control Strategies

Yao,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Macadamia decline poses a serious economic threat to the macadamia industry. It exhibits either a slow decline due to infection by Kretzschmaria clavus or Ganoderma lucidum, or a quick decline caused by pathogens like Phytophthora spp., Lasiodiplodia spp., Neofusiccocum spp., Nectria rugulosa, Xylaria arbuscula, Phellinus gilvus, Acremonium recifei, and Rosellinia spp. Chemical strategies, resistant cultivars, and agronomic measures have been widely adopted to control macadamia decline, but effective biological control measures have rarely been applied. This paper proposes two key steps for implementing biological control strategies, i.e., the isolation and selection of biological control agents from healthy plants, or from the disease-suppressive soil for the construction of synthetic microbial communities, and the integration of synthetic microbial communities with various strategies, including seed coating, root dipping, seedling substrate, soil drenching, foliar spraying, and application as a bio-organic fertilizer. By adopting these strategies, we aim to provide proactive and efficient approaches for combating macadamia decline and safeguarding the health of macadamia orchards.

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Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia nut)

2019

CABI Compendium

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Quick Tree Decline: A New Problem of Macadamia in Hawaii

Cited by 6 publications

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Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) of importance to the Australian macadamia industry: an integrative taxonomic approach to species diagnostics

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) of importance to the Australian macadamia industry: an integrative taxonomic approach to species diagnostics

Managing Macadamia Decline: A Review and Proposed Biological Control Strategies

Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia nut)

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