Quinolinic acid lesions of the pedunculopontine nucleus impair sleep architecture, but not locomotion, exploration, emotionality or working memory in the rat

Hernández-Chan, Nancy G.; Góngora-Alfaro, José L.; Álvarez-Cervera, Fernando J.; Solı́s-Rodrı́guez, Francisco; Heredia-López, Francisco J.; Arankowsky‐Sandoval, Gloria

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.007

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it is common in the clinical literature to equate the PPN with the MLR, and the suggestion has been made that the term MLR can now be “retired” (Garcia-Rill et al, 2015). But Hernández-Chan et al (2011) and Winn and co-workers (Winn, 2006; Gut and Winn, 2015, 2016) have pointed out weaknesses in the argument that the PPN is an essential component of the MLR, and these arguments along with our data support the notion that a functional definition of the MLR is still valid. Takakusaki et al (2005, 2016) and Takakusaki (2008, 2013) have directly compared the effects of CnF and PPN stimulation, and they found that the CnF is effective for eliciting locomotion in decerebrate cats, while the PPN controls muscle tone, and stimulation in this region may actually suppress locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Other workers have challenged the importance of the PPN as a component of the MLR since PPN lesions do not alter locomotor capability (Winn, 2006; Hernández-Chan et al, 2011; MacLaren et al, 2014; Gut and Winn, 2015, 2016). Moreover, neurons activated during locomotion (indicated by the presence of the activity-dependent marker Fos) are found in the CnF and other nearby areas, including the deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe; Jordan, 1998; Vianna et al, 2003; Heise and Mitrofanis, 2006), but not in the PPN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LFP Oscillations in the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region during Voluntary Locomotion

Noga

Sánchez

Villamil

et al. 2017

Front. Neural Circuits

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Oscillatory rhythms in local field potentials (LFPs) are thought to coherently bind cooperating neuronal ensembles to produce behaviors, including locomotion. LFPs recorded from sites that trigger locomotion have been used as a basis for identification of appropriate targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to enhance locomotor recovery in patients with gait disorders. Theta band activity (6–12 Hz) is associated with locomotor activity in locomotion-inducing sites in the hypothalamus and in the hippocampus, but the LFPs that occur in the functionally defined mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) during locomotion have not been determined. Here we record the oscillatory activity during treadmill locomotion in MLR sites effective for inducing locomotion with electrical stimulation in rats. The results show the presence of oscillatory theta rhythms in the LFPs recorded from the most effective MLR stimulus sites (at threshold ≤60 μA). Theta activity increased at the onset of locomotion, and its power was correlated with the speed of locomotion. In animals with higher thresholds (>60 μA), the correlation between locomotor speed and theta LFP oscillations was less robust. Changes in the gamma band (previously recorded in vitro in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), thought to be a part of the MLR) were relatively small. Controlled locomotion was best achieved at 10–20 Hz frequencies of MLR stimulation. Our results indicate that theta and not delta or gamma band oscillation is a suitable biomarker for identifying the functional MLR sites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LFP Oscillations in the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region during Voluntary Locomotion

Noga

Sánchez

Villamil

et al. 2017

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…Lesions of the PPN in the cat were found to reduce REM sleep events as well as ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves and REMs ( 7 ). Other studies using PPN lesions were performed in rats and were confirmed to affect sleep architecture, mainly increasing SWS and fractionating REM sleep episodes, especially disturbing transitions between SWS, REM sleep, and waking, but without major effects on waking duration ( 8 , 9 ). Behavioral studies showed that excitotoxic lesions of the PPN impaired the acquisition of several learning tasks including, spatial navigation in the Morris water maze with a submerged platform ( 10 ), one-trial passive avoidance and two-way shuttle box active avoidance ( 11 ), externally cued reinforced bar pressing ( 12 ), delayed spatial win-shift task in an eight-arm radial maze ( 13 ), and spatial delayed matching- and non-matching-to-position in a T-maze ( 14 , 15 ).…”

Section: Waking and Preconscious Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 92%

Pedunculopontine Nucleus Gamma Band Activity-Preconscious Awareness, Waking, and REM Sleep

et al. 2014

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The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a major component of the reticular activating system (RAS) that regulates waking and REM sleep, states of high-frequency EEG activity. Recently, we described the presence of high threshold, voltage-dependent N- and P/Q-type calcium channels in RAS nuclei that subserve gamma band oscillations in the mesopontine PPN, intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD). Cortical gamma band activity participates in sensory perception, problem solving, and memory. Rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as in the cortex, gamma band activity in the RAS may participate in the processes of preconscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions. That is, the RAS may play an early permissive role in volition. Our latest results suggest that (1) the manifestation of gamma band activity during waking may employ a separate intracellular pathway compared to that during REM sleep, (2) neuronal calcium sensor (NCS-1) protein, which is over expressed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, modulates gamma band oscillations in the PPN in a concentration-dependent manner, (3) leptin, which undergoes resistance in obesity resulting in sleep dysregulation, decreases sodium currents in PPN neurons, accounting for its normal attenuation of waking, and (4) following our discovery of electrical coupling in the RAS, we hypothesize that there are cell clusters within the PPN that may act in concert. These results provide novel information on the mechanisms controlling high-frequency activity related to waking and REM sleep by elements of the RAS.

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“…Furthermore, the total number of arm entries was used as a measure of general activity of the animals. The maze was wiped clean with 70 % ethanol between each animal to minimize odor cues [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emilia coccinae (SIMS) G Extract improves memory impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative stress damage in scopolamine-treated rats

Foyet

Abaïssou

Wado

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundE. coccinae (SIMS) G. (Asteraceae) is an annual plant commonly found throughout the plain of the Central Africa and widely used in Cameroonian folk medicine for the treatment of fever and convulsions in children. We previously reported that the methanolic extract of this plant improved spatial memory. However no underlying mechanism was explored. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Emilia coccinae on memory in scopolamine treated rats and to propose possible mechanisms of action.MethodsNovel object recognition and Y-maze paradigm were used to test memory while oxidative profile, AChE and ACh level of the whole brain were assessed to outline the mechanism of nootropic activity of the extract. 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract were chronically administrated during 14 consecutive days in separate groups of scopolamine intraperitoneal treated rats (1.5 mg/kg).ResultsThe hydroalcoholic extract of Emilia coccinae (HEEC) at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly improved the memory of rats and reversed the amnesia induced by scopolamine. In addition, we showed that this extract is decreasing the acetyl cholinesterase activity while also increasing the acetylcholine levels in the brain. HEEC (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH and CAT) and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA level) in the rat whole brain homogenates.ConclusionsTaken together, our results suggested that the hydroalcoholic extract of Emilia coccinae ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine treated rats through the blockage of the oxidative effect of scopolamine and inhibition of AChE activity.

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Quinolinic acid lesions of the pedunculopontine nucleus impair sleep architecture, but not locomotion, exploration, emotionality or working memory in the rat

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

LFP Oscillations in the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region during Voluntary Locomotion

LFP Oscillations in the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region during Voluntary Locomotion

Pedunculopontine Nucleus Gamma Band Activity-Preconscious Awareness, Waking, and REM Sleep

Emilia coccinae (SIMS) G Extract improves memory impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative stress damage in scopolamine-treated rats

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