Quorum-based Localized Scheme for Duty Cycling in Asynchronous Sensor Networks

Abstract

Many TDMA-and CSMA-based protocols try to obtain fair channel access and to increase channel utilization. It is still challenging and crucial in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), especially when the time synchronization cannot be well guaranteed and consumes much extra energy. This paper presents a localized and ondemand scheme ADC to adaptively adjust duty cycle based on quorum systems. ADC takes advantages of TDMA and CSMA and guarantees that (1) each node can fairly access channel based on its demand; (2) channel utilization can be increased by reducing competition for channel access among neighboring nodes; (3) every node has at least one rendezvous active time slot with each of its neighboring nodes even under asynchronization. The latency bound of data aggregation is analyzed under ADC to show that ADC can bound the latency under both synchronization and asynchronization. We conduct extensive experiments in TinyOS on a real test-bed with TelosB nodes to evaluate the performance of ADC. Comparing with B-MAC, ADC substantially reduces the contention for channel access and energy consumption, and improves network throughput.

Cooperative Scheduling for Adaptive Duty Cycling in Asynchronous Sensor Networks

“…In WSNs, operation at a certain duty cycle can bridge the gap between the limited energy and longing network life [20]. Gu and He [1] designed a data forwarding technique to optimize the data delivery ration, end-to-end delay or energy consumption in low-duty cycle sensor networks under a synchronized mode.…”