QX‐like infectious bronchitis virus in Africa

Toffan, Anna; Monne, Isabella; Terregino, Calogero; Cattoli, Giovanni; Hodobo, Tinashe Canaan; Gadaga, B.M.; Makaya, Pious V.; Mdlongwa, Enat; Swiswa, Samuel

doi:10.1136/vr.d7636

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Recently, nine genotypes of IBV have been circulating in China. The predominant genotype is QX-like IBV, which has spread widely in Asia, Europe and Africa since it was first reported in 1996 in China (Cook et al, 2012;Knoetze et al, 2014;Toffan et al, 2011). The second dominant genotype detected in China is the CK/CH/LSC/ 99I-type .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus

Zhou

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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The emergence of new infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants is often disastrous in the poultry industry. In this study, an IBV, CK/CH/2010/JT-1, was isolated from an H120- and 4/91-IBV-vaccinated flock in China. Antisera against vaccine strains H120 and 4/91 could not provide effective protection against CK/CH/2010/JT-1 in virus neutralization assays. CK/CH/2010/JT-1 could cause 43.75% mortality with respiratory and severe renal lesions in inoculated chickens. Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene showed that CK/CH/2010/JT-1 and 31 other isolates could be grouped as a new genotypic cluster. Recombination analysis revealed that three recombination events could be found in the genome of CK/CH/2010/JT-1 at positions 24709-365, 17160-19811 and 21136-21770. Whole-genome sequence analysis showed that CK/CH/2010/JT-1 originated from multiple template switches among QX-like, CK/CH/LSC/99I-, tl/CH/LDT3/03- and 4/91-type IBVs. All of these data demonstrated that CK/CH/2010/JT-1 is a new recombinant genotype IBV with high virulence. Our findings suggest that the surveillance of new genotype strains of IBV is very important for developing more effective anti-IBV strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus

Zhou

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…At the same time, the first QX-like strains were identified in Japan (Ariyoshi et al, 2010;Mase et al, 2004) and Korea (Lee et al, 2008). Thereafter, it was soon reported in such diverse localities as Russia, Africa and the Middle East (Amin et al, 2012;Bochkov et al, 2006;Toffan et al, 2011). Thus, all strains falling in the GI-19 lineage have been previously assigned to the QX clade, also called LX4 Li et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2009) and A2 (Ji et al, 2011;Li et al, 2010).…”

Section: Widely Distributed Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

S1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: An attempt to harmonize virus classification

Valastro

Holmes

Britton

et al. 2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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356

571

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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease that results in severe economic losses to the global poultry industry. The virus exists in a wide variety of genetically distinct viral types, and both phylogenetic analysis and measures of pairwise similarity among nucleotide or amino acid sequences have been used to classify IBV strains. However, there is currently no consensus on the method by which IBV sequences should be compared, and heterogeneous genetic group designations that are inconsistent with phylogenetic history have been adopted, leading to the confusing coexistence of multiple genotyping schemes. Herein, we propose a simple and repeatable phylogeny-based classification system combined with an unambiguous and rationale lineage nomenclature for the assignment of IBV strains. By using complete nucleotide sequences of the S1 gene we determined the phylogenetic structure of IBV, which in turn allowed us to define 6 genotypes that together comprise 32 distinct viral lineages and a number of inter-lineage recombinants. Because of extensive rate variation among IBVs, we suggest that the inference of phylogenetic relationships alone represents a more appropriate criterion for sequence classification than pairwise sequence comparisons. The adoption of an internationally accepted viral nomenclature is crucial for future studies of IBV epidemiology and evolution, and the classification scheme presented here can be updated and revised novel S1 sequences should become available.

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“…These chickens presented clinical signs that included dropping of wings, leg paralysis, greenish-watery diarrhea, and respiratory distress. Remarkably, the MJT1 and MJT2 isolates showed 98.6% nucleotide sequence similarity with a QX-like IBV strain, QX L-1148, suggesting that QX-like variants are involved in IB outbreaks South Africa (Toffan et al, 2011(Toffan et al, , 2013.…”

Section: South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distributions and strain diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus: a review

Bande

Arshad

Omar

et al. 2017

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

125

126

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The poultry industry faces challenge amidst global food security crisis. Infectious bronchitis is one of the most important viral infections that cause huge economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide. The causative agent, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an RNA virus with great ability for mutation and recombination; thus, capable of generating new virus strains that are difficult to control. There are many IBV strains found worldwide, including the Massachusetts, 4/91, D274, and QX-like strains that can be grouped under the classic or variant serotypes. Currently, information on the epidemiology, strain diversity, and global distribution of IBV has not been comprehensively reported. This review is an update of current knowledge on the distribution, genetic relationship, and diversity of the IBV strains found worldwide.

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QX‐like infectious bronchitis virus in Africa

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus

Identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus

S1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: An attempt to harmonize virus classification

Global distributions and strain diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus: a review

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