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Ulutan, Sevgi; Gilbert, Marianne

doi:10.1023/a:1004746003076

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Similar results have been reported by Beyer 4 who found that when exposed to flame, the formation of an intumescent layer is the main responsible for the improved flame retardancy of an EVA/ATH/Clay nanocomposite. Other authors 37,38 have reported that clay nanocomposites show considerable effect in promoting the formation of an intumescent layer, and provide a greater reduction in the cone calorimeter heat release rate, as compared with that obtained with microcomposites. Table II lists the LOI and UL-94 data obtained for the LDPE/EVA compositions studied.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Structural characterization of LDPE/EVA blends containing nanoclay‐flame retardant combinations

Ramı́rez-Vargas

Sánchez-Valdés

Parra-Tabla

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The combination of different types of organo-modified montmorillonite (MMT) with aluminum hydroxide (aluminum trihydrate-ATH), as a flame retardant system for polyethylene-ethylene vinyl acetate (LDPE/ EVA), blends were studied. Five different types of organically modified montmorillonite clays, each with different modifier, were used. The structural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy in transmission mode (STEM). The mechanical and rheological properties were also evaluated. The XRD analysis showed a clear displacement of the d 001 signal, which indicates a good degree of intercalation, especially for the MMT-I28 and MMT-20, from Nanocor and Southern Clay Products, respectively. The presence of ATH and the compatibilizer did not have any effect on the exfoliation of the studied samples. The thermal stability and flame retardant properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI-ASTM D2863), and flammability tests (Underwriters Laboratory-UL-94). The effect of different compatibilizers on the clay dispersion and exfoliation was studied. The results indicated that the addition of montmorillonite makes it possible to substitute part of the ATH filler content while maintaining the flame retardant requirements. The thermal stability of MMT/ATH-filled LDPE/EVA blends presented a slight increase over the reference ATH-filled LDPE/EVA blend. Compositions with higher clay content (10 wt %) showed better physicochemical properties. The increased stability of the higher clay content compositions results from the greater inorganic residual formation; this material has been reported to impart better performance in flammability tests. The mechanical properties and flame retardancy remained similar to those of the reference compound. The reduced ATH content resulted in lower viscosities and densities, facilitating the processing of the polymer/ATH/clay compounds. Extrusion of these compounds produced a lower pressure in the extrusion head and required reduced electrical power consumption.

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Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Structural characterization of LDPE/EVA blends containing nanoclay‐flame retardant combinations

Ramı́rez-Vargas

Sánchez-Valdés

Parra-Tabla

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It has been previously reported that the tensile strength of filled polymers may increase or decrease with increased filler content. 10,11,13,15,17,23 Figure 1 shows that the tensile strength provided by talc increases with increasing filler content, whereas that provided by wollastonite and gypsum decreases once the filler content reaches a certain amount. In the gypsum case, the reduction in strength may be caused by agglomeration of gypsum particles, which increases at high filler loadings.…”

Section: Tensile and Flexural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1(b) shows that the tensile modulus increases with increasing content of fillers, which is a common finding. 10,11,13,23 Figure 2 shows the flexural strength and moduli of the plastic composites. The flexural strength was determined at the maximum stress of the stressstrain curve, whereas the modulus was calculated as the slope of the stress-strain curve at 1% strain (i.e., secant modulus).…”

Section: Tensile and Flexural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral filler reinforcement for commingled recycled‐plastic materials

Putra

Ngothai

Ozbakkaloglu

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Three types of mineral fillers, gypsum, wollastonite, and talc, were investigated for their ability to modify the mechanical properties of commingled recycled-plastic composites containing 0.07-0.26 v/v of filler. Mechanical test results showed that the talc reinforced composites were significantly better in mechanical properties when compared with the gypsum and wollastonite composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that gypsum formed large agglomerates in the matrix. Interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix was evaluated using simple empirical models. To enhance the adhesion, talc, and wollastonite were pretreated with silane coupling agents, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (c-MPS) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (c-APS). This did not result in any significant improvement to the material properties. The c-APS treatment, however, increased the tensile properties of the composites by $ 5% when compared with the c-MPS treatment. The SEM investigations showed that the c-APS treatment provided better adhesion of filler particles and hence voids were less likely to form in the matrix when compared with the c-MPS composites.

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“…Several methods have been used to prepare Mg(OH) 2 with controlled shape and size, such as ultrasonic-assisted [6] , precipitation [7] , sol-gel technique [8] , using bubbling setup [9] , hydrothermal route [10] and electrolysis of an aqueous magnesium salt solution [11] ,etc. Ranjit and Klabunde [12] have synthesized mesostructured Mg(OH) 2 using different anionic surfactants as template, but their process limited due to low current efficiency and economically unacceptable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current efficiency of synthesis magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles via electrodeposition

Deng¹,

Wang²,

Peng³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

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Abstract:The nanograde particles of magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH) 2 ] with lamella morphology were synthesized by the method of electrodeposition. The effects of operation parameters, such as Mg 2+ concentration and electric current density, interpolar distance and Na + concentration on current efficiency of synthesis magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles were investigated. The results show that the current efficiency can be reach to 76.53% under the conditions of Mg 2+ concentration 0.5mol/L, Na + concentration 1%, electric current density 40mA/cm 2 and electrode interpolar distance 4cm. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractions (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). IntroductionIn recent years, the synthesis of nanoscale Mg(OH) 2 has been the focus of considerable interest because of its potential properties in electronic, mechanical, electrochemistry, optical and topological [1][2][3][4][5] . Several methods have been used to prepare Mg(OH) 2 with controlled shape and size, such as ultrasonic-assisted [6] , precipitation [7] , sol-gel technique [8] , using bubbling setup [9] , hydrothermal route [10] and electrolysis of an aqueous magnesium salt solution [11] ,etc. Ranjit and Klabunde [12] have synthesized mesostructured Mg(OH) 2 using different anionic surfactants as template, but their process limited due to low current efficiency and economically unacceptable. In present study, the Mg(OH) 2 deposition processes from magnesium chloride hexahydrate was researched, and the effects of the variation of Mg 2+ concentration, electric current density, interpolar distance and Na + concentration on current efficiency were studied. Experimental MaterialsMagnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O), sodium chloride(NaCl), potassium chloride(KCl) were supplied from Shenyang Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd, China, all of these chemicals are analytical pure grade and without further purification. Deionized water was employed for all experiments. Procedures of synthesis of Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticlesThe electrolysis procedure were performed in a single conventional compartment cell(capacity is 2.5L). The anode is graphite plate and the cathode is stainless steel plates with smooth surface. The electrolysis experiments were took out at room temperature. In a typical run, 100g of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O is dissolve in 2L of deionized water to make a mother solution, the electrodes surface is both 100 cm 2 and the electrode interpolar distance is 4cm, the electric current density is 40 where η is current efficiency, m is the actual mass of metal hydroxide deposited, m*is theoretical mass of metal hydroxide deposited. The actual mass of metal hydroxide deposited(m) is determined by the mass after dry. The theoretical mass of metal hydroxide(m*) is calculated by the Faraday's law: m*=ItM/(nF) (2) where I is the applied current, t is the time, n is the number of electrons transferred in the elementary act of the electrode reaction, M is the mole mass of the metal hydroxide and F is the faraday constant. Physical char...

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Untitled

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Structural characterization of LDPE/EVA blends containing nanoclay‐flame retardant combinations

Structural characterization of LDPE/EVA blends containing nanoclay‐flame retardant combinations

Mineral filler reinforcement for commingled recycled‐plastic materials

Current efficiency of synthesis magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles via electrodeposition

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