Rabbit retinal organ culture as an in-vitro model of hepatic retinopathy

Abstract

Our findings indicate that the organ culture model may be a useful tool for detailed studies on the cellular and subcellular mechanisms underlying hepatic retinopathy and for in vitro testing of measures to alleviate HR symptoms.

Dlx1andDlx2function is necessary for terminal differentiation and survival of late-born retinal ganglion cells in the developing mouse retina

“…Hence, amacrine and horizontal interneurons, which normally express Dlx1 and/or Dlx2 in the developing retina, are unaffected by their absence. Finally, we used CRALBP and GFAP expression as markers for Müller glia (Bunt-Milam and Saari, 1983;Kuhrt et al, 2004). No difference was observed between wild-type and mutant retinas (data not shown).…”

Organotypic Cultures of Adult Mouse Retina: Morphologic Changes and Gene Expression

“…[1][2][3][4] It is now a widely used tool, with broad applications in the field of ophthalmology. Many alterations observed during in vitro retina culturing 1,[3][4][5][6] resemble some characteristics of experimental retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy in vivo, respectively. 7,8 Other researchers have studied the relationship between retinal development, maturation, degeneration, and gene transfer in culture.…”

“…13,14 Several methods have been described for culturing retinal explants from different species. 3,5,[15][16][17] The method of Caffé and colleagues, 3 in which the neonatal mouse retina is placed with the photoreceptor layer facing downward on rafts made of nitrocellulose filters and polyamide gauze grids, has been used in variations in several studies. 9,18 Neonatal retinal organotypic cultures differ from adult ones since the immature retinal neurons go through phases of differentiation and pruning, under the control of various growth factors during the first 3 weeks postnatally.…”

Novel organotypic culture model of adult mammalian neurosensory retina in co-culture with retinal pigment epithelium

“…Retina-RPE culture showed a significant GS increase in L1 (19 ± 12%) and L2 (25 ± 8%) but a reduced density (17 ± 7%) in the ONL (L4). RPE have shown early ganglion cell apoptosis followed by photoreceptor degeneration (Caffe et al, 1989;Jablonski et al, 1999Jablonski et al, , 2001Engelsberg et al, 2004;Katsuki et al, 2004;Kuhrt et al, 2004).…”

“…However, for the analysis of whole retina in vitro, tissue culture models are limited by a variety of problems, such as tissue edema (Ogilvie et al, 1999), proliferation, hypertrophy and migration of Muller cells (Caffe et al, 1993), rapid degeneration of outer segments (Caffe et al, 1993;Kuhrt et al, 2004) and thinning of the retinal layers (Caffe et al, 1989;Ogilvie et al, 1999;Kuhrt et al, 2004). Even though these shortcomings restrict the information and interpretation of the data obtained, especially in studies of microglia activation, neural and Muller cell remodeling (Mertsch et al, 2001;Johansson and Ehinger, 2005) the similarity between the characteristics of retinal detachment in vivo and models of retinal degeneration in vitro allows for investigations of pharmacological and bioengineering treatment modalities (Azadi et al, 2007;Liljekvist-Larsson and Johansson, 2007).…”