Rabies Group-Specific Ribonucleoprotein Antigen and a Test System for Grouping and Typing of Rhabdoviruses

Schneider, Lothar; Dietzschold, Bernhard; Dierks, R. E.; Matthaeus, W.; Enzmann, Peter-Joachim; Strohmaier, Karl G.

doi:10.1128/jvi.11.5.748-755.1973

Cited by 98 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analysis of the lyssavirus N gene divided the genus into six genotypes (GTs): 1, rabies virus (RABV); 2, Lagos bat virus (LBV); 3, Mokola virus (MOKV); 4, Duvenhage virus (DUVV); 5 and 6, European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) groups 1 and 2, respectively (Bourhy et al, 1993). This classification is in good agreement with the serological distinctions between some of these viruses (Schneider et al, 1973;King et al, 1990). A seventh genotype comprising Australian bat lyssaviruses (ABLV) has been proposed (Gould et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Lyssavirus P Gene Characterisation Provides Insights into the Phylogeny of the Genus and Identifies Structural Similarities and Diversity within the Encoded Phosphoprotein

et al. 2002

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A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Lyssavirus genus, employing P gene sequences from 128 isolates recovered globally, is presented. While confirming prior suggestions of the genetic distinctness of the Australian bat lyssaviruses, these data also revealed a clear division within the rabies virus clade (Genotype 1) between globally distributed viruses circulating predominantly in canid species (subgroup 1-1), and American strains harbored by both chiropteran and terrestrial hosts (subgroup 1-2). Nucleotide substitution patterns within the P locus suggested differential selection operating along the length of the open reading frame (ORF) between rabies viruses of these two subgroups. Comparison of the deduced primary sequences of the encoded phosphoproteins of all isolates provided insights into the product's structural organization. Two conserved (CD1,2) and two variable (VD1,2) domains were evident; high variation in the VD2 region was reflected by differences in hydropathic profiles. Only two of five serine residues reported to function as phosphate acceptors in the P protein of the rabies challenge virus standard (CVS) strain were absolutely conserved; similarly, out of four internal methionines reported to direct internal translation initiation of the CVS strain to produce N-terminally truncated P proteins, only Met(20) was universally retained. In contrast, two sequence motifs, one believed to confer binding to the cytoplasmic dynein light chain LC8, and a lysine-rich sequence probably contributing to N protein binding, were conserved throughout the genus. Most rabies viruses of the carnivora (1-1) contain a potential C ORF in alternate frame to that of P, a feature limited or absent in most other isolates of the genus, an observation interpreted with consideration to the predicted course of lyssavirus evolution.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Lyssavirus P Gene Characterisation Provides Insights into the Phylogeny of the Genus and Identifies Structural Similarities and Diversity within the Encoded Phosphoprotein

et al. 2002

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“…Rabies ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex (provided by Dr. Bernard Dietzschold, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia,. PA) was purified from lysates of cells infected with the Pitman Moore strain of rabies virus as described (22) . Purified RNP complexes was shown to be composed mainly of N plus small amounts (N10%) of the phosphoprotein NS .…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of polymorphic HLA-DR beta chain residues in presentation of viral antigens to T cells.

Karr

Watts

et al. 1990

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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SummaryThe relative importance of 11 polymorphic positions in the HLA DR701 chain in T cell recognition of foreign antigens was investigated using transfectants expressing mutant DR701 chains as APC for five rabies virus-specific T cell clones. The results indicate that multiple amino acids, located in both the fl-strands and ct-helix of DR701 in the model of a class II molecule, are involved in DR7-restricted T cell recognition of these antigens. Many of the substitutions appeared to reduce the affinity of an antigenic peptide for the mutant DR7 molecules but did not prevent binding . The heterogeneity of responses of the three G-specific T cell clones to presentation of the G11.3 peptide by several of the mutant DR7 molecules indicates that the T cell receptor (TCR) of each these clones requires a different view of the G11.3/DR7 complex and raises the possibility that the G11.3 peptide may bind to the DR7 molecule in more than one conformation . c lass 11-restricted T cell recognition offoreign antigens, a central event in the normal function of the immune system, requires the formation ofa trimolecular complex consisting ofa class II molecule, a foreign antigenic peptide, and a TCR. This is a highly specific interaction in which the TCR recognizes a unique three-dimensional conformation of the class II-peptide complex . The demonstration ofdirect binding of antigenic peptides to class II molecules has greatly facilitated the current understanding of these interactions (1, 2). Amino acid differences or polymorphisms among class II molecules play a very important role in the specificity of these interactions and are the basis for class 11-restricted T cell recognition . Although class II polymorphisms in general appear to be important in peptide binding and TCR interactions, the contributions ofindividual amino acids at polymorphic positions in these molecules are only beginning to be understood. In the murine system, several studies using mutant class II molecules generated by site-directed mutagenesis have provided insight into the contributions of individual amino acids in these molecules to restricted recognition of foreign antigens by T cells (3-8) . However, similar analyses of human class II molecules have not been reported . Elucidation of the ways in which HLA class II polymorphisms influence these complex interactions will have important implications for understanding the basis for the association of certain class 11 alleles with specific diseases and for the development of synthetic peptide vaccines.The recent description of a hypothetical model of MHC class II molecules (9), extrapolated from the crystal structure of a class I molecule (10, 11), has been very important in shaping the current understanding of the contribution ofthe class II molecule to T cell recognition . The model predicts that the antigen binding site or groove is formed by the membrane distal al and 01 domains ofclass II molecules that fold to form a platform of 0-strands which is topped by two cxhelices, one formed by a portion ...

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“…One such property is the formation of characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions which occur in rabies virus-infected cells but usually not in VSV-infected cells. Cytoplasmic inclusions or Negri bodies are composed of viral RNA-protein complexes which are seen by electron microscopy to be homogeneous filamentous structures (2,10,15). Double or triple layered membranous structures have rarely been observed within viral inclusions in cultured cells infected with rabies virus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Multi‐Layered Membrane Generated by Rabies Virus

Tanabe

Matsumoto

1979

Microbiology and Immunology

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Electron microscopy revealed multi-layered membranes within the cytoplasmic inclusion (accumulation of nucleocapsids) produced by rabies virus. When infected BHK cells were maintained at 31 C, an enhancement in production of these membranes occurred in approximately 60% of inclusion-containing cells. Multi-layered membranes were composed of an alternate array of two different layers; an electron-dense, thin membrane and a less dense layer which was thicker. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immune electron microscopy of isolated multi-layered membrane preparations demonstrated that the structures contained viral G and M2 polypeptides. Our observations suggest that these membranous structures are not a degenerative product of rabies virus infection but rather are related to the replication of viral envelope constituents, although they represent themselves to be an abortive form of viral assembly.According to recent classification of viruses (3), the Rhabdoviridae family consists of two genera [vesiculovirus =vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) group and lyssavirus = rabies virus group] and other unclassified rhabdoviruses of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. As this classification implies, rabies virus differs from VSV in certain properties. One such property is the formation of characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions which occur in rabies virus-infected cells but usually not in VSV-infected cells. Cytoplasmic inclusions or Negri bodies are composed of viral RNA-protein complexes which are seen by electron microscopy to be homogeneous filamentous structures (2,10,15). Double or triple layered membranous structures have rarely been observed within viral inclusions in cultured cells infected with rabies virus. Hummeler et al (5) reported that membranous structures appeared at late stages of infection; however, they offered no characterization of the structure. In the present work, we found that the appearance of multi-layered membranes could be greatly enhanced when the temperature was lowered to 31 C. This allowed to examine the nature of these structures in relation to rabies viral structural components . MATERIALS AND METHODSVirus and cell culture . Cloned HEP-Flury strain of fixed rabies virus and mono -

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Rabies Group-Specific Ribonucleoprotein Antigen and a Test System for Grouping and Typing of Rhabdoviruses

Cited by 98 publications

References 20 publications

Lyssavirus P Gene Characterisation Provides Insights into the Phylogeny of the Genus and Identifies Structural Similarities and Diversity within the Encoded Phosphoprotein

Lyssavirus P Gene Characterisation Provides Insights into the Phylogeny of the Genus and Identifies Structural Similarities and Diversity within the Encoded Phosphoprotein

The role of polymorphic HLA-DR beta chain residues in presentation of viral antigens to T cells.

Characterization of Multi‐Layered Membrane Generated by Rabies Virus

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