Race- and Sex-related Differences in Nephrolithiasis Risk Among Blacks and Whites in the Southern Community Cohort Study

Hsi, Ryan S.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Shu, Xiang; Han, Xijing; Miller, Nicole L.; Lipworth, Loren

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2018.04.036

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…All the analysis carried out by the separate groups consistently reported that amongst adolescent females, the rate of increase was the greatest. Hsi et al performed analysis of data from a prospective sample, the South Community Cohort Study, which also has confirmed the rise in female KSD [13].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Gender Gapmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Seven studies have been reported since 2015, which offer up-to-date epidemiological perspectives on gender differences in KSD [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Abufraj et al evaluated data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES), and this revealed that between 2008 and 2018, the prevalence of KSD increased significantly among women (6.5% vs. 9.3%, (p trend = 0.001) [10].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Gender Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in Kidney Stone Disease (KSD): Findings from a Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Purpose of Review The prevalence of kidney stones is rising and historically carries a preponderance for males. However, recent evidence has questioned whether this gender gap is closing. The aim of this systematic review was to examine this further as well as evaluate possible underlying causes. Recent Findings Recent evidence confirms the disparity in kidney stone disease between genders is closing. In the modern era, the rise in prevalence among females has been greater, especially in adolescence. Quality of life is also more adversely affected by kidney stone events among females who are also more likely to develop sepsis after endourological surgery. Males, however, are more likely to present with stone events during periods of high ambient temperatures Summary Recent literature demonstrates a temporal change in the disease burden of KSD among men and women. The latter, especially adolescent females, are more likely to develop KSD in their lifetime compared to previous eras. Determining causation is complex and continued research is warranted.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Gender Gapmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Epidemiology Of Gender Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Kidney Stone Disease (KSD): Findings from a Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…When using medical record validation to identify and accurately determine the timing of first-time symptomatic stone episodes, the unadjusted risk of stones with antibiotics was modest and only higher within 1 year after antibiotic use. These first-time symptomatic stone formers were more likely to have obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and CKD compared with controls, 22–27 and these comorbidities seemed to confound the association between kidney stones and antibiotic use. There was also compelling evidence of reverse causality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Outpatient Antibiotic Use is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stones

Vaughan

Barreto

Mehta

et al. 2023

JASN

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Significance Statement Antibiotics modify human microbiomes and may contribute to kidney stone risk. In a population-based case-control study using 1247 chart-validated first-time symptomatic kidney stone formers and 4024 age- and sex-matched controls, the risk of kidney stones was transiently higher during the first year after antibiotic use. However, this risk was no longer evident after adjustment for comorbidities and excluding participants with prior urinary symptoms. Findings were consistent across antibiotic classes and the number of antibiotic courses received. This suggests that antibiotics are not important risk factors of kidney stones. Rather, kidney stones when they initially cause urinary symptoms are under-recognized, resulting in antibiotic use before a formal diagnosis of kidney stones (i.e., reverse causality). Background Antibiotics modify gastrointestinal and urinary microbiomes, which may contribute to kidney stone formation. This study examined whether an increased risk of a first-time symptomatic kidney stone episode follows antibiotic use. Methods A population-based case-control study surveyed 1247 chart-validated first-time symptomatic kidney stone formers with a documented obstructing or passed stone (cases) in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 2008 to 2013 and 4024 age- and sex-matched controls. All prescriptions for outpatient oral antibiotic use within 5 years before the onset of symptomatic stone for the cases and their matched controls were identified. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratio (OR) of a first-time symptomatic kidney stone across time after antibiotic use. Analyses were also performed after excluding cases and controls with prior urinary tract infection or hematuria because urinary symptoms resulting in antibiotic prescription could have been warranted because of undiagnosed kidney stones. Results The risk of a symptomatic kidney stone was only increased during the 1-year period after antibiotic use (unadjusted OR, 1.31; P = 0.001), and this risk was attenuated after adjustment for comorbidities (OR, 1.16; P = 0.08). After excluding cases and controls with prior urinary symptoms, there was no increased risk of a symptomatic kidney stone during the 1-year period after antibiotic use (unadjusted OR, 1.04; P = 0.70). Findings were consistent across antibiotic classes and the number of antibiotic courses received. Conclusions The increased risk of a first-time symptomatic kidney stone with antibiotic use seems largely due to both comorbidities and prescription of antibiotics for urinary symptoms. Under-recognition of kidney stones that initially cause urinary symptoms resulting in antibiotic use may explain much of the perceived stone risk with antibiotics (i.e., reverse causality).

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“…This is partly due to the fact that metabolic risk factors for nephrolithiasis seem to have very little variation when looking at differences in ethnic background[ 11 ]. However, a recent cohort questionnaire study of approximately 42000 Southeastern United States white and black adult men and women from 2002-2009 found that, with adjustment for age, white adults had a greater risk for kidney stones compared to black adults with a hazard ratio of 2.23[ 12 ]. When comparing men and women, risk was slightly higher with a hazard ratio of 1.12; however, white men were significantly associated for kidney stone incidence compared to white women with a hazard ratio of 1.45, though the correlation was not significant for men and women among blacks[ 12 ].…”

Section: Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Confounding risk factors and preventative measures driving nephrolithiasis global makeup

Shin

Srivastava

Alli

et al. 2018

WJN

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Nephrolithiasis is increasing in developed and developing countries at an alarming rate. With the global spike in kidney stone diseases, it is crucial to determine what risk factors are influencing the current global landscape for kidney stones. Our aims for this review are: to identity and analyze the four categories of risk factors in contributing to the global scale of stone formation: lifestyle, genetics, diet, and environment; and discuss preventative measures for kidney stone formation. We also performed data search through the published scientific literature, i.e., PubMed® and found that there is a significant link between lifestyle and obesity with cases of calcium stones. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization factor indicators for dietary intake and obesity, along with climate data were used to create the projected total risk world map model for nephrolithiasis risk. Complete global analyses of nephrolithiasis deplete of generalizations is nearly insurmountable due to limited sources of medical and demographic information, but we hope this review can provide further elucidation into confounding risk factors and preventative measures for global nephrolithiasis analysis.

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Race- and Sex-related Differences in Nephrolithiasis Risk Among Blacks and Whites in the Southern Community Cohort Study

Abstract: The association of incident kidney stones with sex differs between whites and blacks. White men have the highest risk, while no difference in risk is observed between black men and women.

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Gender Differences in Kidney Stone Disease (KSD): Findings from a Systematic Review

Gender Differences in Kidney Stone Disease (KSD): Findings from a Systematic Review

Outpatient Antibiotic Use is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of First-Time Symptomatic Kidney Stones

Confounding risk factors and preventative measures driving nephrolithiasis global makeup

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