Rachel Carson Died of Breast Cancer: The Coming of Age of Feminist Environmentalism

Gendered Representations in Hawai‘i's Anti-Gmo Activism

“…For example, how might classed, racialised representations of experts and professionals (Kimmel, 1993;Frankenburg, 2001;Skeggs, 2013) within Hawaiʻi's GMO debates help consolidate white and Asian settler masculinities? Moreover, how might gendered the associations of reason and emotion play out in relation to expertise and activism, positioning male subjects as properly political and science as the only legitimate frame (Seager, 2003) for food and environmental debates? To what extent do colonial, feminised misreadings of 'aloha' as welcome and passivity (Trask, 1999;Ohnuma, 2007) mean that aloha 'āina movements must also contend with how gender may soften and facilitate some political demands and delegitimise and block other aims?…”

“…'Moms on a Mission') but is also at work more subtly in activist imagery that focused on women and children. 3 Moreover, the insistence on scientific and legal frames for environmental politics (Seager, 2003) and the gendered disassociation between reason/emotion also form part of the wider context that informs how gender shapes GMO debates.…”

“…Food justice scholars emphasise the ways in which social inequalities shape food and farming (Gottlieb and Joshi, 2010;Harper, 2010;Agarwal, 2014;Redmond and Porter, 2014;), technologies and science (Haraway, 1989(Haraway, , 2008Acero, 2012), and analyse the gender, race and class dimensions of environmental justice activism (Seager, 1994(Seager, , 2003Di Chiro, 1998;Stein, 2004;Bell and Braun, 2010;Perkins, 2012) and food and farming movements (Guthman 2008a(Guthman , 2008b(Guthman , 2011Slocum, 2006;Alkon, 2011;Kimura, 2011;Sachs and Alston, 2014).…”

“…Some argue that women's roles as carers for children and the health of others mean that they are often amongst the first to notice and respond to environmental issues (Seager, 2003), and that women of colour are also leaders within environmental justice organising in part because poor communities of colour are disproportionately burdened by toxicity and pollution (i.e. 'environmental racism') (Stein, 2004;Redmond and Porter, 2014).…”

Ecogender: Locating Gender in Environmental Social Science

“…In light of this distancing, it is unsurprising that mainstream environmental social scientists have paid ecofeminism little heed. Some environmental social scientists have worked to overcome this impasse, particularly scholars working from a critical or poststructural position (for example, Agarwal 1992;2001;Fortmann 1996;Gupte 2004;Haraway 1988;Rangan 2000;Rocheleau et al 1996;Seager 2003;Schroeder 1993). These scholars treat gender as a critical social variable in securing access to natural resources, and as interacting with other moments of inequities, such as race, caste, and class, in the shaping of ecological change.…”