Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Fowler, Karen B.; Ross, Shannon A.; Shimamura, Masako; Ahmed, Amina; Palmer, April; Michaels, Marian G.; Bernstein, David I.; Sánchez, Pablo J.; Feja, Kristina N.; Stewart, Audra; Boppana, Suresh B.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.04.043

Cited by 97 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common congenital viral infection, affecting one in every 150 to 200 pregnancies in the United States [16]. However within the United States, African American infants have the highest cCMV prevalence, 9.5 per 1000 live births, compared to other racial and ethnic groups [3]. e majority of infants with cCMV do not display symptoms at birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide [1], which disproportionately affects infants in developing countries [2] and those of lower socioeconomic status [3]. is infection affects 1 in every 150-200 live births in developed countries and 1 in 20-100 live births in developing countries [2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Presenting with Hyperbilirubinemia and Splenomegaly in a Term Infant with Trisomy 21

Wilson

Ellsworth

Pesch

2020

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is very common, yet the presentation can be varied, making the diagnosis challenging. However, early diagnosis for treatment with medication in symptomatic cases within the first month of life is critical. Hyperbilirubinemia and splenomegaly are less common manifestations at birth and may be overlooked in the setting of other symptoms, especially in a critically ill neonate. We present a case of a term infant with trisomy 21 who presented with isolated hyperbilirubinemia and splenomegaly and was later diagnosed with congenital CMV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Presenting with Hyperbilirubinemia and Splenomegaly in a Term Infant with Trisomy 21

Wilson

Ellsworth

Pesch

2020

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the CMV prevalence is significantly different between age, sex, and race groups [22][23][24] . Therefore, augmenting the CyTOF data with demographic data can potentially improve the performance of the deep CNN model.…”

Section: The Deep Cnn Model Accurately Predicts Asymptomatic CMV Infementioning

confidence: 96%

A robust and interpretable, end-to-end deep learning model for cytometry data

Tang

Singh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cytometry technologies are essential tools for immunology research, providing high-throughput measurements of the immune cells at the single-cell level. Traditional approaches in interpreting and using cytometry measurements include manual or automated gating to identify cell subsets from the cytometry data, providing highly intuitive results but may lead to significant information loss, in that additional details in measured or correlated cell signals might be missed. In this study, we propose and test a deep convolutional neural network for analyzing cytometry data in an end-to-end fashion, allowing a direct association between raw cytometry data and the clinical outcome of interest. Using nine large CyTOF studies from the open-access ImmPort database, we demonstrated that the deep convolutional neural network model can accurately diagnose the latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) in healthy individuals, even when using highly heterogeneous data from different studies. In addition, we developed a permutation-based method for interpreting the deep convolutional neural network model and identified a CD27-CD94+ CD8+ T cell population significantly associated with latent CMV infection. Finally, we provide a tutorial for creating, training and interpreting the tailored deep learning model for cytometry data using Keras and TensorFlow (github.com/hzc363/DeepLearningCyTOF).

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“…Within national boundaries CMV seroprevalences can vary widely; for example, in Bradford, a city in northern England, CMV seroprevalence was 49% among pregnant white women and 89% among South Asian women [27]. The findings of seroprevalence studies have also been replicated in studies of congenital CMV prevalence [28], which have also shown associations with geographical location [29], ethnicity [30] and race [31].…”

Section: Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr Virus Associations with Neurological Diseases and the Need for Vaccine Development

Maple

2020

Vaccines

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Herpesviruses have been isolated from a wide range of hosts including humans—for which, nine species have been designated. The human herpesviruses are highly host adapted and possess the capacity for latency, allowing them to survive in the host for life, effectively hidden from the immune system. This ability of human herpesviruses to modulate the host immune response poses particular challenges for vaccine development but at the same time proves attractive for the application of human herpesvirus vaccines to certain spheres of medicine. In this review, congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and hearing loss will be described followed by a comment on the status of current vaccine development. Secondly, the association of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection with multiple sclerosis (MS) and how EBV vaccination may be of benefit will then be discussed. Prevention of congenital CMV by vaccination is an attractive proposition and several vaccines have been evaluated for potential use. Particularly challenging for the development of CMV vaccines are the needs to prevent primary infection, reinfection, and reactivation at the same time as overcoming the capacity of the virus to generate highly sophisticated immunomodulatory mechanisms. Cost and the practicalities of administering potential vaccines are also significant issues, particularly for low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of disease is greatest. An effective EBV vaccine that could prevent the 200,000 new EBV-associated malignancies which occur globally each year is not currently available. There is increasing interest in developing EBV vaccines to prevent MS and, in view of the association of infectious mononucleosis with MS, reducing childhood infectious mononucleosis is a potential intervention. Currently, there is no licensed EBV vaccine and, in order to progress the development of EBV vaccines for preventing MS, a greater understanding of the association of EBV with MS is required.

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Cited by 97 publications

References 31 publications

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Presenting with Hyperbilirubinemia and Splenomegaly in a Term Infant with Trisomy 21

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Presenting with Hyperbilirubinemia and Splenomegaly in a Term Infant with Trisomy 21

A robust and interpretable, end-to-end deep learning model for cytometry data

Cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr Virus Associations with Neurological Diseases and the Need for Vaccine Development

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