Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence of Pediatric Extracranial Embryonal Tumors

Friedrich, Paola; Itriago, Elena; Rodríguez‐Galindo, Carlos; Ribeiro, Karina de Cássia Braga

doi:10.1093/jnci/djx050

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Overall, patterns of incidence of neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms, hepatoblastoma, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in nonwhite children were consistent with those previously reported by Friedrich et al 5 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic differences in incidence of pediatric embryonal tumors in the United States

Geris

Spector

2020

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background The etiology of childhood cancers and its social patterning remains largely unknown. Accounting for socioeconomic status (SES) when exploring the association between race/ethnicity and cancer incidence is necessary to better understand such etiology. We aimed to investigate differences in the incidence of embryonal tumors (ETs) by SES and race/ethnicity in the United States using population‐based registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Procedure Children with ETs aged 0‐19 years diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 were ascertained from the census tract‐level SEER database. SES was measured using a tract‐level composite index. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by SES quintile and race/ethnicity were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models. Results The majority of tumors had lower incidence among nonwhite children compared with non‐Hispanic (NH) white children, after controlling for SES. NH blacks had a higher incidence of Wilms tumor than NH whites (IRR: 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.39). There was an increasing linear trend (P = 0.0001) across increasing SES quintile for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma after controlling for race/ethnicity. Effect modification by race/ethnicity of the relationship between SES and tumor incidence was observed for several groups. Hispanics had a significant, linear trend (P = 0.0005) in the incidence of Wilms tumor, while Asian/Pacific Islanders experienced a significant inverse trend (P = 0.0002). Conclusions Results from this study suggest differences in the incidence of several ETs by race/ethnicity and that these differences may be modified by SES. Investigation of potential risk factors that are socially patterned is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Accounting for SES in analyses of race/ethnicity is a first step in describing the extent to which differences in incidence may be due to genetics or environment. Recently, Friedrich et al 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic differences in incidence of pediatric embryonal tumors in the United States

Geris

Spector

2020

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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“…No consistent difference in the incidence of retinoblastoma by ethnicity or latitude has been reported. However, racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence of retinoblastoma were recently reported in the United States (Friedrich et al, 2017;Steliarova-Foucher et al, 2017), with a significantly higher incidence of bilateral retinoblastoma in the Hispanic population, which remains as yet unexplained.…”

Section: Predisposing Factors For Sporadic Retinoblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Munier

Beck‐Popovic

Chantada

et al. 2019

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

164

157

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Retinoblastoma is lethal by metastasis if left untreated, so the primary goal of therapy is to preserve life, with ocular survival, visual preservation and quality of life as secondary aims. Historically, enucleation was the first successful therapeutic approach to decrease mortality, followed over 100 years ago by the first eye salvage attempts with radiotherapy. This led to the empiric delineation of a window for conservative management subject to a "state of metastatic grace" never to be violated. Over the last two decades, conservative management of retinoblastoma witnessed an impressive acceleration of improvements, culminating in two major paradigm shifts in therapeutic strategy. Firstly, the introduction of systemic chemotherapy and focal treatments in the late 1990s enabled radiotherapy to be progressively abandoned. Around 10 years later, the advent of chemotherapy in situ, with the capitalization of new routes of targeted drug delivery, namely intra-arterial, intravitreal and now intracameral injections, allowed significant increase in eye preservation rate, definitive eradication of radiotherapy and reduction of systemic chemotherapy. Here we intend to review the relevant knowledge susceptible to improve the conservative management of retinoblastoma in compliance with the "state of metastatic grace", with particular attention to (i) reviewing how new imaging modalities impact the frontiers of conservative management, (ii) dissecting retinoblastoma genesis, growth patterns, and intraocular routes of tumor propagation, (iii) assessing major therapeutic changes and trends, (iv) proposing a classification of relapsing retinoblastoma, (v) examining treatable/preventable disease-related or treatment-induced complications, and (vi) appraising new therapeutic targets and concepts, as well as liquid biopsy potentiality.

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“…To obtain an accurate appraisal of the current and future disease burden in addition to ancestryspecific genomic determinants of childhood cancer risk, it will be critical to develop more high-quality population-based registries in LMIC. (18)(19)(20)(21) Second, the data reported are reflective of the patients registered in the participating registries. Although 11.4% of the global population of children was covered by registries included in the analysis for 2001-2010,(11) the overall incidence were weighted towards those observed in the well covered areas.…”

Section: Incidence Measures From Iicc-3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood cancer burden: a review of global estimates

Bhakta

Force

Allemani

et al. 2019

The Lancet Oncology

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314

252

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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence of Pediatric Extracranial Embryonal Tumors

Abstract: Unique incidence patterns of childhood extracranial embryonal tumors exist by race and ethnicity in the United States. The interplay between race/ethnicity and genetics, epigenetics, and gene-environment interactions in the causation of these cancers deserves further investigation.

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic differences in incidence of pediatric embryonal tumors in the United States

Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic differences in incidence of pediatric embryonal tumors in the United States

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Childhood cancer burden: a review of global estimates

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