Racial Attitudes, Educational Level, and a Personality Measure

Enduring Pictures in Our Heads: The Continuance of Authoritarianism and Racial Stereotyping

“…Consistent with past research by Altemeyer (1996), Sniderman and Piazza (1993), Hesselbart andSchuman (1976), andSiegman (1961), we find that authoritarianism has a direct effect on negative racial stereotyping. Our research, combined with past research, demonstrates the wide-ranging impact of authoritarianism, especially its relationships to racial prejudice, which affects both personal interactions and the larger society, including social policy.…”

“…Raden (1994) suggested that the relationship between authoritarianism and prejudice receives support from more recent researchers whose work was more inclusive of attitudes than some of the earlier work. Rhyne (1962) found that the relationships between authoritarianism and scales of both "anti-Negro" and "anti-Semite" stereotypical statements were highly correlated, while Hesselbart and Schuman's (1976) results confirmed past research on the relationship between authoritarianism and racial prejudice. Despite a decrease in research on authoritarianism in the 1980s, Harrington (2003) called for refinement of the concept.…”

“…Research into the influences of racial stereotyping provides contradictory results regarding the demographic characteristics of individuals who use racial stereotypes. Most research indicates that older individuals (Firebaugh & Davis, 1988;Fossett & Kiecolt, 1989;Kinder & Mendelberg, 1995;Stewart, Hippel, & Radvansky, 2009), those with less formal education (Hesselbart & Schuman, 1976;Plous & Williams, 1995;Reyna et al, 2005;Sniderman & Piazza, 1993;Taylor, 1998;Wood & Chesser, 1994), individuals with lower incomes (Blalock, 1967;Blumer, 1958;Kunovich, 2004;Oliver & Mendelberg, 2000), and separated, widowed, or divorced individuals (Noel & Pinkney, 1964) are more likely to use racial stereotypes. Additionally, conservatives (Sniderman & Carmines, 1997;Wood & Chesser, 1994), men (Fossett & Kiecolt, 1989;Reyna et al, 2005), and those with more rigid religious beliefs (Hunsberger, 1995;Laythe, Finkel, Bringle, & Kirkpatrick, 2002) tend to stereotype more frequently.…”

Support for diversity practices in Norway: Depends on who you are and whom you have met

“…According to these authors, motivational interests may change across the life stages, where, for example, self-transcendence values become higher at a later stage of life. Similarly, older individuals have a better understanding of daily challenges and can be more tolerant toward people of colour (Hesselbart & Schuman, 1976). Moreover, social expertise and cultural intelligence are shown to accumulate throughout the life-course (Hess & Auman, 2001;Ng & Sears, 2012), creating fruitful ground for intercultural curiosity and interest.…”