Racial Differences in Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis

Hutchinson, Richard G.; Watson, Robert I.; Davis, C. E.; Barnes, Ralph W.; Brown, Stephen C.; Romm, Fredric J.; Spencer, Jessie M.; Tyroler, H. A.; Wu, Kenneth K.

doi:10.1177/000331979704800401

Cited by 102 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, progressively favorable changes in diet, including reduction in saturated fat intake, have been observed in contemporaneous studies (23). Consistent with a number of previous cross-sectional studies in diabetes (9,24,25) and in the general population (26,27), AC patients had the lowest baseline plasma triglyceride and highest HDL cholesterol concentrations. These differences became more marked during the first 3 years of diabetes and then plateaued for no discernible reason.…”

Section: Figure 2-unadjusted Cross-sectional Mean Plasma Lipid Profilsupporting

confidence: 74%

Relationship Between Ethnicity and Glycemic Control, Lipid Profiles, and Blood Pressure During the First 9 Years of Type 2 Diabetes

Davis

Cull²,

Holman³

2001

Diabetes Care

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FOR THE U.K. PROSPECTIVE DIABETES STUDY (UKPDS) GROUPOBJECTIVE -To assess the relationship among self-reported ethnicity, metabolic control, and blood pressure during treatment of type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We studied 2,999 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients recruited to the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study who were randomized to conventional or intensive glucose control policies if their fasting plasma glucose levels remained Ͼ6 mmol/l after a dietary run-in. A total of 2,484 patients (83%) were white Caucasian (WC), 265 patients (9%) were Afro-Caribbean (AC), and 250 patients (8%) were Asian of Indian origin (IA). Variables were assessed at 3, 6, and 9 years.RESULTS -During the 9-year study period, body weight increased more in WC patients (mean 5.0 kg) than in AC (3.0 kg) and IA (2.5 kg) patients (P Ͻ 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, baseline value, treatment allocation, and change in weight, there were no consistent ethnic differences in mean change in fasting plasma glucose or HbA 1c . After adjustment for antihypertensive therapy, increase in systolic blood pressure at 9 years was greatest in AC patients (7 mmHg; P Ͻ 0.01 vs. WC patients). Mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol decreased progressively during the 9 years in each group. In AC patients, the mean increase in HDL cholesterol (0.16 mmol/l) at 3 years, maintained to 9 years, and the mean decrease in plasma triglyceride level (0.4 mmol/l) at 9 years were greater than in WC and IA patients (P Ͻ 0.001).CONCLUSIONS -This study shows important ethnic differences in body weight, lipid profiles, and blood pressure, but not glycemic control, during 9 years after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. AC patients maintained the most favorable lipid profiles, but hypertension developed in more AC patients than WC or IA patients. Ethnicity-specific glycemic control of type 2 diabetes seems unnecessary, but other risk factors need to be addressed independently.

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Section: Figure 2-unadjusted Cross-sectional Mean Plasma Lipid Profilsupporting

confidence: 74%

Relationship Between Ethnicity and Glycemic Control, Lipid Profiles, and Blood Pressure During the First 9 Years of Type 2 Diabetes

Davis

Cull²,

Holman³

2001

Diabetes Care

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“…Gender differences in lipid profile have been demonstrated repeatedly in adults (40,41). This is also noticeable in children (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Determination of the Lipid Profile of Cord Blood in Neonates and its Correlation with Maternal Age in Iran

2012

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A B S T R A C TBackground: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in Iran; with dyslipidemia as an important contributing risk factor. Objectives: To assess the early onset of dyslipidemia, our goal was to determine lipids and lipoproteins levels in cord blood and their correlation with maternal age as a first study in Iran. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was done on the cord blood of 243 healthy, full-term newborn infants (114 females and 129 males). The blood was sampled from the umbilical cord immediately after a normal delivery. The serum was tested in order to determine the lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Low density-lipoprotein (LDL-C) was computed by Friedewald equation. Results: A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between cord blood HDL-C and maternal age (r = -0.18, P <0.01). There was no relationship between other lipids and lipoproteins with maternal age. Our findings also showed the TC, TG and LDL-C mean level were significantly more and the mean level of HDL-C was significantly lower than reference value. Additionally, the mean of TC and LDL-C in female neonates were significantly more than the male (P <0.01). Also, there was no correlation between cord blood lipids and lipoproteins with birth weight and maternal body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: In a current study based on increasing maternal age, the HDL-C level in cord blood was decreased which is an independent risk factor for CVDs in adulthood.

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“…In addition, significantly higher triglyceride levels were associated with heavy drinking in African Americans, but not in whites. Previous research in the ARIC study has demonstrated differences in whites and African Americans with regards to HDL and triglyceride levels (43)(44)(45). Although the mechanism(s) for these differences is not fully understood, it may partially be due to differences in body composition, glucose and insulin metabolism, and genetic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relationship of Alcohol Consumption and Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed With Plasma Lipid Levels: Differences Between Whites and African Americans of the ARIC Study

Volcik

Ballantyne

Fuchs

et al. 2008

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE:Alcohol consumption has been shown to contribute to a favorable lipid profile, and most studies have reported a reduction in coronary heart disease risk with low-to-moderate consumption of alcohol that is generally attributed to the beneficial effects of alcohol on lipids. The influence of different types of alcoholic beverages on plasma lipid levels has been investigated to a lesser extent and in limited populations. METHODS:We investigated the effect of overall alcohol consumption, as well as the type of alcoholic beverage consumed, on multiple lipid measures in the large bi-ethnic population of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. RESULTS:We found both low-to-moderate and heavy alcohol consumption, regardless of the type of alcoholic beverage consumed, to result in significantly greater levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL 3 cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I in both white and African-American males and females. Associations with other lipid measures contrasted between whites and African Americans, with greater levels of alcohol consumption resulting in significantly greater triglyceride levels in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS:Our results confirm previous studies associating alcohol consumption, regardless of beverage type, with greater HDL cholesterol levels, with additional consistent associations detected for the major HDL cholesterol density subfraction, HDL 3 cholesterol, and the major HDL cholesterol structural apolipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I.

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Racial Differences in Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis

Cited by 102 publications

References 24 publications

Relationship Between Ethnicity and Glycemic Control, Lipid Profiles, and Blood Pressure During the First 9 Years of Type 2 Diabetes

Relationship Between Ethnicity and Glycemic Control, Lipid Profiles, and Blood Pressure During the First 9 Years of Type 2 Diabetes

Determination of the Lipid Profile of Cord Blood in Neonates and its Correlation with Maternal Age in Iran

Relationship of Alcohol Consumption and Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed With Plasma Lipid Levels: Differences Between Whites and African Americans of the ARIC Study

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